Newsletter 9th Edition – Mar 8, 2017
... a specific structure (and function) based upon its arrangement of amino acids. As long as your body has all the necessary “raw materials” in the form of the amino acid building blocks, it can manufacture these important body proteins – from the enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in the body, t ...
... a specific structure (and function) based upon its arrangement of amino acids. As long as your body has all the necessary “raw materials” in the form of the amino acid building blocks, it can manufacture these important body proteins – from the enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in the body, t ...
Topic 13: ORGANIZATION OF DNA INTO GENES AND THE
... first strand. How can four different letters produce the information needed to make proteins which consist of unique sequences of 20 different amino acids? fig. 17.3- in the 1960’s it was discovered that amino acids are coded for by three nucleotides; on the mRNA molecule these nucleotide triplets ...
... first strand. How can four different letters produce the information needed to make proteins which consist of unique sequences of 20 different amino acids? fig. 17.3- in the 1960’s it was discovered that amino acids are coded for by three nucleotides; on the mRNA molecule these nucleotide triplets ...
Slide 1
... • Some irregular viruses do exist and many of these have underlying helical or icosohedral symmetry. • Note-viruses form regular shapes but use irregular proteins to do so. • This creates a problem that must be solved for assembly to occur. • For example, it would be easy to imagine how a virus migh ...
... • Some irregular viruses do exist and many of these have underlying helical or icosohedral symmetry. • Note-viruses form regular shapes but use irregular proteins to do so. • This creates a problem that must be solved for assembly to occur. • For example, it would be easy to imagine how a virus migh ...
The role of haemoglobin
... – Issues arise because glycosylated haemoglobin does not give up oxygen to respiring tissues very easily – Organs can be damaged by this, including blood vessels in the eyes, which can lead to blindness (diabetic retinopathy) ...
... – Issues arise because glycosylated haemoglobin does not give up oxygen to respiring tissues very easily – Organs can be damaged by this, including blood vessels in the eyes, which can lead to blindness (diabetic retinopathy) ...
Single-choice questions: (34 points) l. Enzymes are biological
... They consist of separate polypeptide chains (subunits). ...
... They consist of separate polypeptide chains (subunits). ...
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
... structure seen in many polypeptides. Domains are functional regions of a polypeptide. ...
... structure seen in many polypeptides. Domains are functional regions of a polypeptide. ...
Lost in Transcription - Max-Planck
... he threat has receded into the background and it no longer seems to be such a burning issue. And yet, last year in Germany alone, some 3,000 new cases of HIV were identified – and 2.7 million cases around the world. According to estimates issued by the World Health Organization, 33.4 million people ...
... he threat has receded into the background and it no longer seems to be such a burning issue. And yet, last year in Germany alone, some 3,000 new cases of HIV were identified – and 2.7 million cases around the world. According to estimates issued by the World Health Organization, 33.4 million people ...
POWERPOINT VERSION () - Arkansas State University
... Insoluble in water and chemically active Examples: antibodies, hormones, and enzymes ...
... Insoluble in water and chemically active Examples: antibodies, hormones, and enzymes ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... • Proteins are made by joining amino acids in long chains • Monomer = Amino Acid • Polymer = Polypeptide (Protein) ...
... • Proteins are made by joining amino acids in long chains • Monomer = Amino Acid • Polymer = Polypeptide (Protein) ...
Inorganic Chemistry PP
... • The study of carbon compounds (C) atomic number = 6 mass number = 12 • There > 100 elements • Living organisms are composed of almost entirely six elements. P, C, H, O, N, S ...
... • The study of carbon compounds (C) atomic number = 6 mass number = 12 • There > 100 elements • Living organisms are composed of almost entirely six elements. P, C, H, O, N, S ...
Aminoacids. Protein structure and properties.
... • Globular proteins, such as most enzymes, usually consist of a combination of the two secondary structures. • For example, hemoglobin is almost entirely alpha-helical, and antibodies are composed almost entirely of beta structures. ...
... • Globular proteins, such as most enzymes, usually consist of a combination of the two secondary structures. • For example, hemoglobin is almost entirely alpha-helical, and antibodies are composed almost entirely of beta structures. ...
Proteins and Electrophoresis
... part, the properties of the protein • Proteins rich in Asp, Glu are acidic (albumin is an example) • Post-translational modifications of proteins have significant effects on their properties, as well. ...
... part, the properties of the protein • Proteins rich in Asp, Glu are acidic (albumin is an example) • Post-translational modifications of proteins have significant effects on their properties, as well. ...
The Function of Chloroplast Ribosomes Effects of a
... University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 QP, U.K.) a.-Amanitin, a bicyclic octapeptide from the toadstool Amanita phalloides (Fiume & Wieland, 1970), inhibits DNA transcription by binding specifically to RNA polymerase form II of eukaryotic organisms without affecting the activity of RNA polymerase ...
... University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 QP, U.K.) a.-Amanitin, a bicyclic octapeptide from the toadstool Amanita phalloides (Fiume & Wieland, 1970), inhibits DNA transcription by binding specifically to RNA polymerase form II of eukaryotic organisms without affecting the activity of RNA polymerase ...
Aspekte der Thermodynamik in der Strukturbiologie Einführung in
... In nature usually only one of these is translated into a protein. Open reading frame (ORF): interval of DNA sequence without stop codons. Eukaryotic genes can be interrupted by non-coding intervals (introns). Locating protein-coding regions in DNA is an important part of bioinformatics. ...
... In nature usually only one of these is translated into a protein. Open reading frame (ORF): interval of DNA sequence without stop codons. Eukaryotic genes can be interrupted by non-coding intervals (introns). Locating protein-coding regions in DNA is an important part of bioinformatics. ...
12.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
... • genes code for proteins which are what carry out expression of these genes • proteins code for enzymes which cause certain reactions to take place – these reactions are what cause traits! ...
... • genes code for proteins which are what carry out expression of these genes • proteins code for enzymes which cause certain reactions to take place – these reactions are what cause traits! ...
What`s so great about Protein
... Proteins are compounds that are made by linking together amino acids into chains-like structures called peptides. One amino acid is joined to a second; a third is then added to the first two and so on. The bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds. Peptides are then linked together into lon ...
... Proteins are compounds that are made by linking together amino acids into chains-like structures called peptides. One amino acid is joined to a second; a third is then added to the first two and so on. The bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds. Peptides are then linked together into lon ...
Extrapolating Anfinsen`s conclusions…
... Until a relatively short time ago all enzymes were thought to be proteins. A small group of catalytic RNA molecules, termed ribozymes (one example of which is the ribosome), have recently been characterised. This observation ie that not all the "doing" molecules in cells are proteins once again rais ...
... Until a relatively short time ago all enzymes were thought to be proteins. A small group of catalytic RNA molecules, termed ribozymes (one example of which is the ribosome), have recently been characterised. This observation ie that not all the "doing" molecules in cells are proteins once again rais ...
N-BindersExtenders
... 13. Binders and extenders – compounds that will increase binding properties (water and/or fat) or reduce overall cost – in general, are limited to 3.5% but there are many exceptions – more is permitted in “non-specific” products such as loaf products “pickle and pimento”, “olive” or other “non-speci ...
... 13. Binders and extenders – compounds that will increase binding properties (water and/or fat) or reduce overall cost – in general, are limited to 3.5% but there are many exceptions – more is permitted in “non-specific” products such as loaf products “pickle and pimento”, “olive” or other “non-speci ...
Gene Section MSN (moesin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... acids from ALK (i.e. the cytoplasmic portion of ALK with the tyrosine kinase domain). Oncogenesis Tyrosine kinase activity. ...
... acids from ALK (i.e. the cytoplasmic portion of ALK with the tyrosine kinase domain). Oncogenesis Tyrosine kinase activity. ...
Chapter 3 Protein Synthesis Life Science RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
... • a ribosome ( made up of a protein and rRNA) slides down the piece of mRNA, it’s a “one-way” movement down the mRNA so there can only be one way to translate the mRNA code • enzymes bring individual tRNA molecules to the ribosomes • i. tRNA is shaped like an “Upside down Cross” • 1. the bottom has ...
... • a ribosome ( made up of a protein and rRNA) slides down the piece of mRNA, it’s a “one-way” movement down the mRNA so there can only be one way to translate the mRNA code • enzymes bring individual tRNA molecules to the ribosomes • i. tRNA is shaped like an “Upside down Cross” • 1. the bottom has ...
One Gene-one polypeptide:
... Alternative splicing: when pre-mRNAs are processed by reactions that join exons in different combinations to produce different mRNAs from a single gene. This greatly increases the number and variety of proteins encoded in the cell nucleus without increasing the size of the genome. As a result of the ...
... Alternative splicing: when pre-mRNAs are processed by reactions that join exons in different combinations to produce different mRNAs from a single gene. This greatly increases the number and variety of proteins encoded in the cell nucleus without increasing the size of the genome. As a result of the ...
Cell membrane
... structures that are much too large to fit through the pores in the membrane proteins this process is known as endocytosis（内吞入胞）. In this process the membrane itself wraps around the particle（颗粒） and pinches（夹） off a vesicle （泡，囊）inside the cell. In this animation an ameba engulfs a food particle. ...
... structures that are much too large to fit through the pores in the membrane proteins this process is known as endocytosis（内吞入胞）. In this process the membrane itself wraps around the particle（颗粒） and pinches（夹） off a vesicle （泡，囊）inside the cell. In this animation an ameba engulfs a food particle. ...
Transcription & translation
... • A cap is added 5’ end • A poly A tail is also added to the 3’ end • Remember synthesis is 5’3’ so the 3’ end is always the tail! ...
... • A cap is added 5’ end • A poly A tail is also added to the 3’ end • Remember synthesis is 5’3’ so the 3’ end is always the tail! ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.