The Role of Nearly Neutral Mutations in the Evolution of Dynamical
... neural controllers for autonomous agents have been based on real-value encodings. It will be argued herein that when dealing with real-valued landscapes emphasis needs to be made on nearly-neutral mutations (as opposed to exactly neutral), given that in real-valued landscapes it is unlikely for two ...
... neural controllers for autonomous agents have been based on real-value encodings. It will be argued herein that when dealing with real-valued landscapes emphasis needs to be made on nearly-neutral mutations (as opposed to exactly neutral), given that in real-valued landscapes it is unlikely for two ...
Kap 13 Quantitative Genetics
... components of variance, a change in any one of these will affect it. All the genetic components are affected by gene frequencies and may therefore differ from one population to another, according to the past history of the population. In particular, small populations maintained long enough for an ap ...
... components of variance, a change in any one of these will affect it. All the genetic components are affected by gene frequencies and may therefore differ from one population to another, according to the past history of the population. In particular, small populations maintained long enough for an ap ...
Population Genetics and Random Evolution
... change. For instance, if you move across country to a hot climate and perspire a lot for a few years, then bear a child, your child will not have an enhanced supply of sweat glands. But the ability to execute physiological changes like these is made possible by the suite of genes an individual is bo ...
... change. For instance, if you move across country to a hot climate and perspire a lot for a few years, then bear a child, your child will not have an enhanced supply of sweat glands. But the ability to execute physiological changes like these is made possible by the suite of genes an individual is bo ...
Ch. 2 OLC questions
... Genetic drift can be generally thought of as changes in allele frequencies and even loss of alleles entirely due to sampling of alleles by random processes, and is exacerbated by small population size. Founder effects are essentially the same process, but occur when new populations are found by just ...
... Genetic drift can be generally thought of as changes in allele frequencies and even loss of alleles entirely due to sampling of alleles by random processes, and is exacerbated by small population size. Founder effects are essentially the same process, but occur when new populations are found by just ...
1. Assortative mating— a. affects genotype frequencies expected
... Genetic drift can be generally thought of as changes in allele frequencies and even loss of alleles entirely due to sampling of alleles by random processes, and is exacerbated by small population size. Founder effects are essentially the same process, but occur when new populations are found by just ...
... Genetic drift can be generally thought of as changes in allele frequencies and even loss of alleles entirely due to sampling of alleles by random processes, and is exacerbated by small population size. Founder effects are essentially the same process, but occur when new populations are found by just ...
Schumpeter and the Evolutionary Economics: Three Conceptual
... which the nature will not make a leap has to have a causal explanation (Hodgson 2004a). such an understanding of evolution, with the principle of “cumulative causation” at its center, can be found, of course, in Thorstein Veblen‟s writings. In that sense, Veblen can be seen as the most remarkable ec ...
... which the nature will not make a leap has to have a causal explanation (Hodgson 2004a). such an understanding of evolution, with the principle of “cumulative causation” at its center, can be found, of course, in Thorstein Veblen‟s writings. In that sense, Veblen can be seen as the most remarkable ec ...
John Maynard Smith and the natural philosophy of adaptation
... Whenever an optimisation or game theoretic analysis is performed an essential feature of the analysis is a specification of the set of possible phenotypes from among which the optimum is to be found. (Maynard Smith 1982, p. 5) The point made by Maynard Smith in these quotations has important implicat ...
... Whenever an optimisation or game theoretic analysis is performed an essential feature of the analysis is a specification of the set of possible phenotypes from among which the optimum is to be found. (Maynard Smith 1982, p. 5) The point made by Maynard Smith in these quotations has important implicat ...
Genetic Defect FAQs - Red Angus Association of America
... Instinctively, knowing the typical inheritance pattern of genetic defects one jumps to the conclusion that the first common ancestor is the source of the defective gene. However, if you look a little deeper into the two bulls' pedigrees you will notice that there are additional common ancestors. It ...
... Instinctively, knowing the typical inheritance pattern of genetic defects one jumps to the conclusion that the first common ancestor is the source of the defective gene. However, if you look a little deeper into the two bulls' pedigrees you will notice that there are additional common ancestors. It ...
Development of Neutral and Nearly Neutral Theories
... heterozygosity at the DNA levelnon-coding or silentwas found to differ between species even if the heterozygosity at the protein level was almost the same (Aquadro et al., 1988). A simple explanation is that the variation in silent heterozygosity is due to population size differences. This expla ...
... heterozygosity at the DNA levelnon-coding or silentwas found to differ between species even if the heterozygosity at the protein level was almost the same (Aquadro et al., 1988). A simple explanation is that the variation in silent heterozygosity is due to population size differences. This expla ...
The Units of Selection
... cific antibody. A complementary antigen would react with the surface of the appropriate cell type, stimulating that cell to proliferate preferentially and to liberate large quantities of antibody. The requirement that on the order of 10,000 stem cell types preexist raises the question of where the g ...
... cific antibody. A complementary antigen would react with the surface of the appropriate cell type, stimulating that cell to proliferate preferentially and to liberate large quantities of antibody. The requirement that on the order of 10,000 stem cell types preexist raises the question of where the g ...
An evolutionary model of language change and language
... best documented in sound structure (phonology), but also occurs in grammatical structures as well, and will be discussed in chapter 7. Less frequently discussed is the pervasive existence of FIRST-ORDER VARIATION, variation that occurs constantly but without (yet) acquiring social valuation. The adv ...
... best documented in sound structure (phonology), but also occurs in grammatical structures as well, and will be discussed in chapter 7. Less frequently discussed is the pervasive existence of FIRST-ORDER VARIATION, variation that occurs constantly but without (yet) acquiring social valuation. The adv ...
alfred irving hallowell - National Academy of Sciences
... cover virtually all aspects of Ojibwa culture—kinship and social organization, economics and technology, ecological relationships (particularly as they affected land tenure), social control, values and morality, medicine, religion, folklore, temporal and spatial orientation, dreams, sexual behavior— ...
... cover virtually all aspects of Ojibwa culture—kinship and social organization, economics and technology, ecological relationships (particularly as they affected land tenure), social control, values and morality, medicine, religion, folklore, temporal and spatial orientation, dreams, sexual behavior— ...
Non-genetic Transmission of Memes by Diffusion
... fields of arts, digital media, business, finance, science and engineering. Within this growing trend, which relies heavily on state-of-theart optimization and design strategies, the methodology known as Memetic Algorithms is, perhaps, one of the most successful stories. Inspired by both Darwinian pr ...
... fields of arts, digital media, business, finance, science and engineering. Within this growing trend, which relies heavily on state-of-theart optimization and design strategies, the methodology known as Memetic Algorithms is, perhaps, one of the most successful stories. Inspired by both Darwinian pr ...
Many ways of being human, the Stephen J. Gould`s - Isita
... coral, with dead branches composing the great part of the structure (Darwin, 1987). Even the tree of life could reveal a linearity (at least in the growing diversity of species, with more and more complex adaptations) and the young Darwin was sceptical about that linearity, preferring an irregularly ...
... coral, with dead branches composing the great part of the structure (Darwin, 1987). Even the tree of life could reveal a linearity (at least in the growing diversity of species, with more and more complex adaptations) and the young Darwin was sceptical about that linearity, preferring an irregularly ...
Genetic Algorithms: A Tutorial
... “Almost eight years ago ... people at Microsoft wrote a program [that] uses some genetic things for finding short code sequences. Windows 2.0 and 3.2, NT, and almost all Microsoft applications products have shipped with pieces of code created by that system.” - Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft Advanced Te ...
... “Almost eight years ago ... people at Microsoft wrote a program [that] uses some genetic things for finding short code sequences. Windows 2.0 and 3.2, NT, and almost all Microsoft applications products have shipped with pieces of code created by that system.” - Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft Advanced Te ...
Genetic Algorithms: A Tutorial
... “Almost eight years ago ... people at Microsoft wrote a program [that] uses some genetic things for finding short code sequences. Windows 2.0 and 3.2, NT, and almost all Microsoft applications products have shipped with pieces of code created by that system.” - Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft Advanced Te ...
... “Almost eight years ago ... people at Microsoft wrote a program [that] uses some genetic things for finding short code sequences. Windows 2.0 and 3.2, NT, and almost all Microsoft applications products have shipped with pieces of code created by that system.” - Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft Advanced Te ...
GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE Background / Problem
... Definition: chance changes in allele frequency that result from the sampling of gametes from generation to generation in a finite population Assume (for now) Hardy-Weinberg conditions Random mating ...
... Definition: chance changes in allele frequency that result from the sampling of gametes from generation to generation in a finite population Assume (for now) Hardy-Weinberg conditions Random mating ...
HS-SCI-APB-Unit 4 -- Chapter 23- Evolution of
... a different chromosome could link DNA segments in a way that results in a positive effect. An important source of variation begins when genes are duplicated due to errors in meiosis (such as unequal crossing over), slippage during DNA replication, or the activities of transposable elements (see Chap ...
... a different chromosome could link DNA segments in a way that results in a positive effect. An important source of variation begins when genes are duplicated due to errors in meiosis (such as unequal crossing over), slippage during DNA replication, or the activities of transposable elements (see Chap ...
Genetic Algorithms: A Tutorial
... GA’s often encode solutions as fixed length “bitstrings” (e.g. 101110, 111111, 000101) Each bit represents some aspect of the proposed solution to the problem For GA’s to work, we need to be able to “test” any string and get a “score” indicating how “good” that solution is ...
... GA’s often encode solutions as fixed length “bitstrings” (e.g. 101110, 111111, 000101) Each bit represents some aspect of the proposed solution to the problem For GA’s to work, we need to be able to “test” any string and get a “score” indicating how “good” that solution is ...
a coevolutionary multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for game
... (Rumelhart et al., 1986) to determine the optimal connection weights between nodes. However such methods are gradient-based techniques which tend to have two major drawbacks: slow learning speed and easily becoming trapped in local minima (Zhu et al., 2005; Burse et al., 2011) when attempting to opt ...
... (Rumelhart et al., 1986) to determine the optimal connection weights between nodes. However such methods are gradient-based techniques which tend to have two major drawbacks: slow learning speed and easily becoming trapped in local minima (Zhu et al., 2005; Burse et al., 2011) when attempting to opt ...
Polygenic Traits
... one gene. This means that each dominant allele "adds" to the expression of the next dominant allele. Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait. For example, humans can be many different sizes. Height is a polygenic trait, controlled by at least three genes with six alle ...
... one gene. This means that each dominant allele "adds" to the expression of the next dominant allele. Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait. For example, humans can be many different sizes. Height is a polygenic trait, controlled by at least three genes with six alle ...
PiagetMS_Deacon
... Piaget sought to integrate his theoretical approach to cognitive development with themes drawn from mathematical philosophy and from evolutionary biology, to the extent that these could be made compatible with his constructivist vision. This remains an unfinished synthesis. Piaget’s commitment to a ...
... Piaget sought to integrate his theoretical approach to cognitive development with themes drawn from mathematical philosophy and from evolutionary biology, to the extent that these could be made compatible with his constructivist vision. This remains an unfinished synthesis. Piaget’s commitment to a ...
Phenotypic plasticity can potentiate rapid evolutionary change
... four wings rather than the normal complement of two wings and two halteres. Because the phenocopies tend to be of impaired vitality, the next generation is best generated by sib-selection: by breeding, not from the phenocopies themselves, but from single-pair lines generated from their ‘Control’ bro ...
... four wings rather than the normal complement of two wings and two halteres. Because the phenocopies tend to be of impaired vitality, the next generation is best generated by sib-selection: by breeding, not from the phenocopies themselves, but from single-pair lines generated from their ‘Control’ bro ...