Notes: Microevolution Part 1 (Evolution of Populations)
... •causes genetic mixing across regions •reduce differences between populations Human Evolution Today •Gene flow in human populations is increasing today –transferring alleles between populations due to increased mobility 3. Non-Random Mating •Sexual selection – some individuals have features which ma ...
... •causes genetic mixing across regions •reduce differences between populations Human Evolution Today •Gene flow in human populations is increasing today –transferring alleles between populations due to increased mobility 3. Non-Random Mating •Sexual selection – some individuals have features which ma ...
CHAPTER 24 LECTURE SLIDES Prepared by Brenda Leady
... Traits that are directly associated with reproduction, such as the ability to find a mate and the ability to produce viable gametes and offspring ...
... Traits that are directly associated with reproduction, such as the ability to find a mate and the ability to produce viable gametes and offspring ...
Variation One of Darwin`s biggest observations was that individuals
... One of Darwin’s biggest observations was that individuals in a population are varied. This means that they are unique and have different physical and behavioral characteristics that make them different from each other. Variation: the differences among parents and offspring in a population Adaptation ...
... One of Darwin’s biggest observations was that individuals in a population are varied. This means that they are unique and have different physical and behavioral characteristics that make them different from each other. Variation: the differences among parents and offspring in a population Adaptation ...
Honours core course - Comparative genomics (both lectures in 1 file)
... • Having genome sequences of many organisms allows large-scale comparisons, potentially automated • Can test hypotheses about genes whose rapid evolution may be related to special features of a particular species • In humans, this includes several genes with roles in brain development • The most uni ...
... • Having genome sequences of many organisms allows large-scale comparisons, potentially automated • Can test hypotheses about genes whose rapid evolution may be related to special features of a particular species • In humans, this includes several genes with roles in brain development • The most uni ...
click here and type title
... In clinical trials, time to event is often used as a robust and patient-relevant endpoint. The identification of meaningful prognostic factors for the time to event is important for the prediction of the progress of the disease and the outcome of the therapy and can contribute to the recognition of ...
... In clinical trials, time to event is often used as a robust and patient-relevant endpoint. The identification of meaningful prognostic factors for the time to event is important for the prediction of the progress of the disease and the outcome of the therapy and can contribute to the recognition of ...
statgen4
... Several measures of heterozygosity exist. The value of these measures will range from zero (no heterozygosity) to nearly 1.0 (for a system with a large number of equally frequent alleles). We will focus primarily on expected heterozygosity (HE, or gene diversity, D). The simplest way to calculate ...
... Several measures of heterozygosity exist. The value of these measures will range from zero (no heterozygosity) to nearly 1.0 (for a system with a large number of equally frequent alleles). We will focus primarily on expected heterozygosity (HE, or gene diversity, D). The simplest way to calculate ...
Population genetics
... other than what you really are. The use of mimicry is prevalent throughout nature and is a prime example of evolution by natural selection. Butterflies use it as a protection mechanism in their larva stage and in the final adult stage. Either to trick predators into thinking they are an inedible spe ...
... other than what you really are. The use of mimicry is prevalent throughout nature and is a prime example of evolution by natural selection. Butterflies use it as a protection mechanism in their larva stage and in the final adult stage. Either to trick predators into thinking they are an inedible spe ...
PPT - Michael J. Watts
... • Locus - a position on a chromosome • Gene - a portion of a chromosome representing a parameter of the solution set • Alleles - different values of a particular gene. Members of the domain of the gene’s value • Chromosome - string of genes ...
... • Locus - a position on a chromosome • Gene - a portion of a chromosome representing a parameter of the solution set • Alleles - different values of a particular gene. Members of the domain of the gene’s value • Chromosome - string of genes ...
Study Guide
... Darwin’s idea about how organisms evolve, natural selection, is highlighted in the yellow box on page 444 and summarized later in the text. You must know this well! Darwin’s view of life as expressed in The Origin of Species (1859) contrasted sharply with traditional beliefs of an Earth only a f ...
... Darwin’s idea about how organisms evolve, natural selection, is highlighted in the yellow box on page 444 and summarized later in the text. You must know this well! Darwin’s view of life as expressed in The Origin of Species (1859) contrasted sharply with traditional beliefs of an Earth only a f ...
Evidence for Evolution
... Fossils are _________________________________________________________. Scientists determine the age of fossils by : 1. Examining the ___________ above and below the fossil’s ______________. 2. Radiometric Dating is…. 3. Earth is ________________________ years old. ...
... Fossils are _________________________________________________________. Scientists determine the age of fossils by : 1. Examining the ___________ above and below the fossil’s ______________. 2. Radiometric Dating is…. 3. Earth is ________________________ years old. ...
Evidence for Evolution
... ways) to propose a theory of evolution defined by intelligence and design. ...
... ways) to propose a theory of evolution defined by intelligence and design. ...
Handout
... – Genetic variation among individuals creates differential survival or reproductive success (also called fitness) – This survival (or reproductive) success is conditiondependent (the fittest ones in A condition may not be the fittest in B condition) – Both abiotic and biotic factors may contribut ...
... – Genetic variation among individuals creates differential survival or reproductive success (also called fitness) – This survival (or reproductive) success is conditiondependent (the fittest ones in A condition may not be the fittest in B condition) – Both abiotic and biotic factors may contribut ...
Lecture 5 Natural selection – theory and definitions Charles Darwin Alfred Russel Wallace
... Natural selection: Facts and inferences Fact 1. Natural populations have large excess reproductive capacities. Fact 2. Population sizes generally remain stable. Fact 3. Resources are limiting. Inference 1. A severe struggle for existence must occur. Fact 4. An abundance of variation exists among in ...
... Natural selection: Facts and inferences Fact 1. Natural populations have large excess reproductive capacities. Fact 2. Population sizes generally remain stable. Fact 3. Resources are limiting. Inference 1. A severe struggle for existence must occur. Fact 4. An abundance of variation exists among in ...
Evolution of quantitative characters
... individuals with these high values of the character are allowed to breed. The offspring have the values shown on their axis. Key features are: 1) slope of the line, estimating the heritability, 2) difference between the mean phenotype of the selected parents and the mean of the whole population of p ...
... individuals with these high values of the character are allowed to breed. The offspring have the values shown on their axis. Key features are: 1) slope of the line, estimating the heritability, 2) difference between the mean phenotype of the selected parents and the mean of the whole population of p ...
Genetic Algorithms (GAs)
... • Fitness – Target function that we are optimizing (each individual has a fitness) • Trait - Possible aspect (features) of an individual • Genome - Collection of all chromosomes (traits) for an individual. ...
... • Fitness – Target function that we are optimizing (each individual has a fitness) • Trait - Possible aspect (features) of an individual • Genome - Collection of all chromosomes (traits) for an individual. ...
Selection: an overview
... biologists is currently that group selection is generally a weak and unimportant process, since both turnover and numbers (opposing genetic drift) are higher at the individual level than at the group level. Once central topic in the context of group selection where the individual sacrifices part of ...
... biologists is currently that group selection is generally a weak and unimportant process, since both turnover and numbers (opposing genetic drift) are higher at the individual level than at the group level. Once central topic in the context of group selection where the individual sacrifices part of ...
Misunderstanding Evolutionary Theory and Psychology reading
... humans are better designed for earlier environments of which they are a product. The cost of adaptation is a second constraint on optimal design. For example, we might imagine natural selection building into humans such a severe fear of snakes ...
... humans are better designed for earlier environments of which they are a product. The cost of adaptation is a second constraint on optimal design. For example, we might imagine natural selection building into humans such a severe fear of snakes ...
Natural Selection - This area is password protected
... likely to be passed to the next generation S Given enough time, a species will gradually evolve… ...
... likely to be passed to the next generation S Given enough time, a species will gradually evolve… ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Eunmi LEE
... • Pleiotropy: phenomenon where a gene affects several different traits • Antagonistic Pleiotropy: where a gene has a positive effect on one trait but a negative effect on another trait (example: a gene that increases heat tolerance but reduces cold tolerance) • Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theory of Agin ...
... • Pleiotropy: phenomenon where a gene affects several different traits • Antagonistic Pleiotropy: where a gene has a positive effect on one trait but a negative effect on another trait (example: a gene that increases heat tolerance but reduces cold tolerance) • Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theory of Agin ...
Evolution and the curriculum
... fundamental unit of selection is a key theoretical advance in evolutionary biology. In most cases, natural selection acts on the gene through its effect on an individual’s phenotype. The assumption that natural selection acts at the level of the individual is a good working approximation. However, t ...
... fundamental unit of selection is a key theoretical advance in evolutionary biology. In most cases, natural selection acts on the gene through its effect on an individual’s phenotype. The assumption that natural selection acts at the level of the individual is a good working approximation. However, t ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.