Selection
... Evolutionary Computation In science: • Verification of hypotheses in biology, sociology, ...
... Evolutionary Computation In science: • Verification of hypotheses in biology, sociology, ...
No Slide Title - NVHSIntroBioPiper1
... • Published On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection, 30 years after he got back. ...
... • Published On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection, 30 years after he got back. ...
Checking the Postulates - MicrobialEvolution.org
... Question: What are the problems with this approach? ...
... Question: What are the problems with this approach? ...
Directional selection.
... mutations that would otherwise decrease fitness (purifying selection). The distinction between neutral and selected mutations is not entirely clearcut. If the population size is small, even mutations with very large values of s (or very small negative values) may have nearly the same fixation probab ...
... mutations that would otherwise decrease fitness (purifying selection). The distinction between neutral and selected mutations is not entirely clearcut. If the population size is small, even mutations with very large values of s (or very small negative values) may have nearly the same fixation probab ...
Sex Selection Outline
... • “Sex selection may be an expression of sexual prejudice, in particular against girls. As practised today around the world, it generally reflects and contributes to bias and discrimination against women.” AND “Sex selection harms men in some cultural groups (by contributing to the shortage of women ...
... • “Sex selection may be an expression of sexual prejudice, in particular against girls. As practised today around the world, it generally reflects and contributes to bias and discrimination against women.” AND “Sex selection harms men in some cultural groups (by contributing to the shortage of women ...
Pathways to Scientific Teaching of Evolution
... Revised hypothesis: Learning gains are higher for students who use C-maps than students who write multiple representations for the same concepts. ...
... Revised hypothesis: Learning gains are higher for students who use C-maps than students who write multiple representations for the same concepts. ...
How does natural selection change allele frequencies?
... family Solanaceae. Some S-alleles in tobacco (Nicotiana) are more closely related to S-alleles in Petunia than to some other S-alleles in their own species! ...
... family Solanaceae. Some S-alleles in tobacco (Nicotiana) are more closely related to S-alleles in Petunia than to some other S-alleles in their own species! ...
Freeman, Evolutionary Analysis 4th ed
... Darwin did not know about the principles of genetics - how variation is created and how it is inherited. Kelvin's (inaccurate) estimate of the age of the Earth also presented a problem for evolutionary theory. 14. What is blending inheritance, and why did it pose a problem for Darwin's theory? Why i ...
... Darwin did not know about the principles of genetics - how variation is created and how it is inherited. Kelvin's (inaccurate) estimate of the age of the Earth also presented a problem for evolutionary theory. 14. What is blending inheritance, and why did it pose a problem for Darwin's theory? Why i ...
pptx
... You can determine omega for the whole dataset; however, usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the ...
... You can determine omega for the whole dataset; however, usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the ...
Essay Question #3: Due Wednesday 1 August 2012
... article by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby (included in the Course Packet), in which the authors explain the basic principles of evolutionary psychology and suggest how they can be used to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of human social behavior. Evaluate the various theories explaining the evolu ...
... article by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby (included in the Course Packet), in which the authors explain the basic principles of evolutionary psychology and suggest how they can be used to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of human social behavior. Evaluate the various theories explaining the evolu ...
Quantitative Genetic Perspectives on Loss of Diversity in
... • Increased dependence on specific epistatic combinations • Shift in size of genes that contribute to genetic variance (small to big) ...
... • Increased dependence on specific epistatic combinations • Shift in size of genes that contribute to genetic variance (small to big) ...
Document
... – Without eating for three nights, a bat will starve to death – Both degree of relatedness and degree of association were significantly related to probability of regurgitating blood – Blood-sharing is not random but based on relatedness and hope of future reciprocity ...
... – Without eating for three nights, a bat will starve to death – Both degree of relatedness and degree of association were significantly related to probability of regurgitating blood – Blood-sharing is not random but based on relatedness and hope of future reciprocity ...
AS90459 Version 2 Describe genetic variation and change Level 2
... This achievement standard involves describing biological concepts and processes that relate to genetic variation and change. ...
... This achievement standard involves describing biological concepts and processes that relate to genetic variation and change. ...
Evolution: Pt I
... • The biological species – “Members of a group of populations that interbreed, or potentially interbreed, with each other under natural conditions to produce viable offspring” ...
... • The biological species – “Members of a group of populations that interbreed, or potentially interbreed, with each other under natural conditions to produce viable offspring” ...
Allele Frequencies
... • Random increase or decrease of alleles – Due to chance – Usually when populations are small – Associated with flipping a coin ...
... • Random increase or decrease of alleles – Due to chance – Usually when populations are small – Associated with flipping a coin ...
THE BASIC SELECTION MODEL ASSIGNMENT 1
... population genetics. Selection = fitness differences of genotypes and/or alleles. Recap the Hardy-Weinberg concept (pages 12-16). One of the messages in HWE is that gene and genotype frequencies do not change from one generation to another – if the assumptions are valid. Stochastics (genetic drift) ...
... population genetics. Selection = fitness differences of genotypes and/or alleles. Recap the Hardy-Weinberg concept (pages 12-16). One of the messages in HWE is that gene and genotype frequencies do not change from one generation to another – if the assumptions are valid. Stochastics (genetic drift) ...
Natural Selection
... time travels. You are a scientist interested in the population genetics of extinct animals. Taking advantage of this technological advance, you decide to go to the past 8 million years to conduct a field work in Venezuela to study a population of Phoberomys pattersoni*, the world’s largest extinct r ...
... time travels. You are a scientist interested in the population genetics of extinct animals. Taking advantage of this technological advance, you decide to go to the past 8 million years to conduct a field work in Venezuela to study a population of Phoberomys pattersoni*, the world’s largest extinct r ...
Descent with Modification and Population Evolution
... The differences in ability to survive and reproduce lead to a gradual change in a population, with favorable characteristics accumulating over generations This is Descent with Modification. The mechanism for this modification has been the cumulative effect of natural selection over extended periods ...
... The differences in ability to survive and reproduce lead to a gradual change in a population, with favorable characteristics accumulating over generations This is Descent with Modification. The mechanism for this modification has been the cumulative effect of natural selection over extended periods ...
how-is-genetic-variation-maintained 18 kb how-is-genetic
... How is genetic variation maintained? Under natural selection we would expect that the advantageous alleles would be selected for and the disadvantageous alleles would be selected against, resulting in stabilising selection and a monomorphic population. It is therefore hard to see why polymorphisms e ...
... How is genetic variation maintained? Under natural selection we would expect that the advantageous alleles would be selected for and the disadvantageous alleles would be selected against, resulting in stabilising selection and a monomorphic population. It is therefore hard to see why polymorphisms e ...
Natural Selection
... natural selection—the difference in reproductive capability among organisms; the differential reproductive success of pre-existing classes of genetic variants in the gene pool The most common action of natural selection is to remove unfit variants as they arise via mutation. A trait's current ut ...
... natural selection—the difference in reproductive capability among organisms; the differential reproductive success of pre-existing classes of genetic variants in the gene pool The most common action of natural selection is to remove unfit variants as they arise via mutation. A trait's current ut ...
1. Explain what is meant by the “modern synthesis”.
... central role of natural selection as the primary mechanism of evolutionary change gradualism as the explanation of how large changes can result from an accumulation of small changes over long periods of time ...
... central role of natural selection as the primary mechanism of evolutionary change gradualism as the explanation of how large changes can result from an accumulation of small changes over long periods of time ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... become more common or rarer over time. Occurrences of Genetic Drift: • Genetic drift can be seen in these examples: • An exploding volcano destroys almost all of the most common trees on a small island. Over time, the types of tree that were not affected by the volcano continue to flourish, while th ...
... become more common or rarer over time. Occurrences of Genetic Drift: • Genetic drift can be seen in these examples: • An exploding volcano destroys almost all of the most common trees on a small island. Over time, the types of tree that were not affected by the volcano continue to flourish, while th ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.