From Controversies to Conflicts between Worlds
... of rules to become an agent. Kompridis has dubbed this upgraded awareness “second-order disclosure”, thereby distinguishing it from the pre-reflective process of constitution of the subject and her world (“first-order disclosure”). Let us distinguish between conflicts in which the parties share the ...
... of rules to become an agent. Kompridis has dubbed this upgraded awareness “second-order disclosure”, thereby distinguishing it from the pre-reflective process of constitution of the subject and her world (“first-order disclosure”). Let us distinguish between conflicts in which the parties share the ...
Asian Philosophy (CH. 1 of AP)
... analysis, that is distinct from, but similar to religious inquiry. Philosophy does inquire into a question by looking at various contributions that are relevant to answering the question, and it does employ a variety of methods. In contemporary philosophy, many, but not all, seek to provide a compre ...
... analysis, that is distinct from, but similar to religious inquiry. Philosophy does inquire into a question by looking at various contributions that are relevant to answering the question, and it does employ a variety of methods. In contemporary philosophy, many, but not all, seek to provide a compre ...
Explain Kant`s understanding of Universal Maxims (33)
... In the case of lying, a universal rule saying that you cannot lie will very often be a bad idea. For example, if a murderer was chasing an innocent victim, and they asked you which direction the victim had run, the morally correct thing to do would be to lie, however if a universal rule stated that ...
... In the case of lying, a universal rule saying that you cannot lie will very often be a bad idea. For example, if a murderer was chasing an innocent victim, and they asked you which direction the victim had run, the morally correct thing to do would be to lie, however if a universal rule stated that ...
Ethics without Ontology
... different natures should not have the same occupations, as if we were scoring a point in a debate; but we have altogether neglected to consider what sort of sameness or difference we meant and in what respect these natures and occupations were to be defined as different or the same. Consequently, we ...
... different natures should not have the same occupations, as if we were scoring a point in a debate; but we have altogether neglected to consider what sort of sameness or difference we meant and in what respect these natures and occupations were to be defined as different or the same. Consequently, we ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... The pre-Socratic philosophers attempted to explain nature with the help of mechanical and material causes only. They believed that the fundamental element of matter is four in number. These are- earth, water, fire and air. These elements are mechanically combined with each other and are true causes ...
... The pre-Socratic philosophers attempted to explain nature with the help of mechanical and material causes only. They believed that the fundamental element of matter is four in number. These are- earth, water, fire and air. These elements are mechanically combined with each other and are true causes ...
Intro to Philosophy
... To say that a claim is rationally defensible does not necessarily mean that it is true or has been proved true. A claim that is rationally defensible in the strong sense is one that has good reasons supporting it. The support may be so strong as to remove all doubt (& thus prove with certainty) that ...
... To say that a claim is rationally defensible does not necessarily mean that it is true or has been proved true. A claim that is rationally defensible in the strong sense is one that has good reasons supporting it. The support may be so strong as to remove all doubt (& thus prove with certainty) that ...
DIOGENES LAERTIUS ON PLATO
... magazine. He wrote about the lives of the eminent philosophers, via what he had heard about them, what he had read about them from others, or of their works, etc. One should not take these words as definitive and absolutely true, given the time passed between Plato’s death and Diogenes’ birth. Here ...
... magazine. He wrote about the lives of the eminent philosophers, via what he had heard about them, what he had read about them from others, or of their works, etc. One should not take these words as definitive and absolutely true, given the time passed between Plato’s death and Diogenes’ birth. Here ...
Normative Theories of Ethics
... Psychological egoism, the most famous descriptive position, claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. Normative forms of egoism make claims about what one ought to do, rather than describe what one does do. Ethical egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an act ...
... Psychological egoism, the most famous descriptive position, claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. Normative forms of egoism make claims about what one ought to do, rather than describe what one does do. Ethical egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an act ...
Socrates and Plato - Metaphysics and Epistemology
... and not believe in gods at the same time. The fact is, it appears that you and others here are going to condemn me simply because I have the courage to tell the truth. In this respect, I am like Achilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War. He knew that if he avenged the death of h ...
... and not believe in gods at the same time. The fact is, it appears that you and others here are going to condemn me simply because I have the courage to tell the truth. In this respect, I am like Achilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War. He knew that if he avenged the death of h ...
Philosophical Views on the Value of Privacy
... example, whose own successful career as an industrialist should have made him perceptive to the development of an industrialized society, put his hopes and his fortune into such an experiment as New Harmony is almost incredible. A model suited to the small, relatively isolated, artisan city-state of ...
... example, whose own successful career as an industrialist should have made him perceptive to the development of an industrialized society, put his hopes and his fortune into such an experiment as New Harmony is almost incredible. A model suited to the small, relatively isolated, artisan city-state of ...
Thomas Hippler
... philosophers can come to see the “real” world, i.e. the world of “ideas”. Descartes tries to get rid of empirical reality because there is no certainty that this reality is not a pure illusion caused by a malign demon; an absolute standpoint for truth can be found only in selfreflexivity. It is use ...
... philosophers can come to see the “real” world, i.e. the world of “ideas”. Descartes tries to get rid of empirical reality because there is no certainty that this reality is not a pure illusion caused by a malign demon; an absolute standpoint for truth can be found only in selfreflexivity. It is use ...
HERE - A Universal Basic Income
... criterion by which to distinguish some as true and others as erroneous. In this question it is scarcely possible to reach any very precise result: all our knowledge of truths is infected with some degree of doubt, and a theory which ignored this fact would be plainly wrong. Bertrand Russell (from Th ...
... criterion by which to distinguish some as true and others as erroneous. In this question it is scarcely possible to reach any very precise result: all our knowledge of truths is infected with some degree of doubt, and a theory which ignored this fact would be plainly wrong. Bertrand Russell (from Th ...
On Moral Progress: A Response to Richard Rorty
... these questions—namely the distinction between a comprehensive moral doctrine and a political doctrine. Like John Rawls in Political Liberalism 385–95 (Columbia 1996), I believe that political principles ought to be justified in a way that does not depend on any comprehensive ethical, metaphysical, ...
... these questions—namely the distinction between a comprehensive moral doctrine and a political doctrine. Like John Rawls in Political Liberalism 385–95 (Columbia 1996), I believe that political principles ought to be justified in a way that does not depend on any comprehensive ethical, metaphysical, ...
Confucian Worries about the Aristotelian Sophos
... suggested in various ways that the Aristotelian sophos overvalues theoretically wise understanding at the expense of other, less-narrowly intellectual goods; that the theoretically wise understanding the sophos pursues is useless and of questionable value; and that the 1sophos’s way of life requires ...
... suggested in various ways that the Aristotelian sophos overvalues theoretically wise understanding at the expense of other, less-narrowly intellectual goods; that the theoretically wise understanding the sophos pursues is useless and of questionable value; and that the 1sophos’s way of life requires ...
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY—a trend in contemporary philosophy with
... methodology and content. It began in Great Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century (G. E. Moore, B. Russell) in opposition to speculative idealistic philosophy. Several variations of analytic philosophy developed primarily in countries where English is the primary language (esp. in the Uni ...
... methodology and content. It began in Great Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century (G. E. Moore, B. Russell) in opposition to speculative idealistic philosophy. Several variations of analytic philosophy developed primarily in countries where English is the primary language (esp. in the Uni ...
No. 7 Ralph Nelson
... particularly successful in persuading others to accept his own interpretation as authentically Thomistic. ...
... particularly successful in persuading others to accept his own interpretation as authentically Thomistic. ...
The Trial and Death of Socrates
... tasted how sweet and blessed a possession philosophy is, and at the same time they’ve also seen the madness of the majority and realized, in a word, that hardly anyone acts sanely in public affairs and that there is no ally with whom they might go to the aid of justice and survive, that instead they ...
... tasted how sweet and blessed a possession philosophy is, and at the same time they’ve also seen the madness of the majority and realized, in a word, that hardly anyone acts sanely in public affairs and that there is no ally with whom they might go to the aid of justice and survive, that instead they ...
The Vindication of St. Thomas
... Perhaps more importantly, theological creativity of the best and most lasting sort can be exercised only against the background of some such metaphysical framework — in the way, for instance, that Karol Wojtyla’s theology of the body self-consciously presupposes but goes beyond standard Thomistic ph ...
... Perhaps more importantly, theological creativity of the best and most lasting sort can be exercised only against the background of some such metaphysical framework — in the way, for instance, that Karol Wojtyla’s theology of the body self-consciously presupposes but goes beyond standard Thomistic ph ...
this PDF file - European Scientific Journal
... sense(s) of education in an axiological perspective. Our age deals with a crisis that, more than economic, is a crisis of sense and values. The global narratives that ground and legitimate knowledge, culture and society faded, and gave place to a kind of void or fragmentation of meaning: science, re ...
... sense(s) of education in an axiological perspective. Our age deals with a crisis that, more than economic, is a crisis of sense and values. The global narratives that ground and legitimate knowledge, culture and society faded, and gave place to a kind of void or fragmentation of meaning: science, re ...
DERRIDA/CIXOUS, CIXOUS/DERRIDA Prof. Claire Colebrook
... deconstructive reading would require a certain infidelity and fidelity. One must not see the text as nothing more than a mirror in which one would find the truth one seeks to establish; at the same time one must be equally wary of missing the scene of writing that detaches a work as intentional from ...
... deconstructive reading would require a certain infidelity and fidelity. One must not see the text as nothing more than a mirror in which one would find the truth one seeks to establish; at the same time one must be equally wary of missing the scene of writing that detaches a work as intentional from ...
Conceptual History and International Relations
... since the relevant discourse is internal only; IR discourse is driven by IR discourse. And it is reductionist since it reduces any potential external influence to events. The contextualist approach, which informs this paper, treats “external discourse” as at least as important as internal discourse ...
... since the relevant discourse is internal only; IR discourse is driven by IR discourse. And it is reductionist since it reduces any potential external influence to events. The contextualist approach, which informs this paper, treats “external discourse” as at least as important as internal discourse ...
Philosophy without Intuitions, by Herman Cappelen. Oxford: Oxford
... of evidence? In order to get clearer on that question, Cappelen first looks in Chapter 2 at ‘intuition’-talk in ordinary English. What are ‘intuitively, p’, or ‘p is intuitive’, or ‘it seems that p’ etc. used for in ordinary English? It turns out that these words are used to characterize a very hete ...
... of evidence? In order to get clearer on that question, Cappelen first looks in Chapter 2 at ‘intuition’-talk in ordinary English. What are ‘intuitively, p’, or ‘p is intuitive’, or ‘it seems that p’ etc. used for in ordinary English? It turns out that these words are used to characterize a very hete ...
- Philsci
... psychological theory, a theory of how the mind works and, in view of that constitution, of what the mind can and cannot know. The psychological reading seems the more charitable to Kant, since a psychological theory presented with bad arguments may still be a useful, engaging, even true picture of m ...
... psychological theory, a theory of how the mind works and, in view of that constitution, of what the mind can and cannot know. The psychological reading seems the more charitable to Kant, since a psychological theory presented with bad arguments may still be a useful, engaging, even true picture of m ...
Obscurantism
Obscurantism (/ɵbˈskjʊərəntɪsm/) is the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or the full details of some matter from becoming known. There are two common historical and intellectual denotations to Obscurantism: (1) deliberately restricting knowledge—opposition to the spread of knowledge, a policy of withholding knowledge from the public; and, (2) deliberate obscurity—an abstruse style (as in literature and art) characterized by deliberate vagueness. The name comes from French: obscurantisme, from the Latin obscurans, ""darkening"".The term obscurantism derives from the title of the 16th-century satire Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum (Letters of Obscure Men), based upon the intellectual dispute between the German humanist Johann Reuchlin and Dominican monks, such as Johannes Pfefferkorn, about whether or not all Jewish books should be burned as un-Christian. Earlier, in 1509, the monk Pfefferkorn had obtained permission from Maximilian I (1486–1519), the Holy Roman Emperor, to incinerate all copies of the Talmud (Jewish law and Jewish ethics) known to be in the Holy Roman Empire (AD 926–1806); the Letters of Obscure Men satirized the Dominican monks' arguments at burning ""un-Christian"" works.In the 18th century, Enlightenment philosophers used the term ""obscurantism"" to denote the enemies of the Enlightenment and its concept of the liberal diffusion of knowledge. Moreover, in the 19th century, in distinguishing the varieties of obscurantism found in metaphysics and theology from the ""more subtle"" obscurantism of the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and of modern philosophical skepticism, Friedrich Nietzsche said: ""The essential element in the black art of obscurantism is not that it wants to darken individual understanding, but that it wants to blacken our picture of the world, and darken our idea of existence.""