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EECS 690
EECS 690

... A moral agent must be able to have chosen otherwise than she did. (AP) The moral agent must be ultimately responsible for her decisions (UR) - For AP: Consider Martin Luther, “Here I stand, I can do no other”. Whatever he is doing here, he is not trying to duck responsibility. Also consider what has ...
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... “I often regret that I have spoken; never that I have been silent.” --Publilius Syrus (Roman author, 1st century B.C.) “Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.” --Seneca (Roman philosopher, mid-1st century AD) “It is not death that a man should fear, but he should fear never beginning to live.” ...
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Stoicism



Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.
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