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PlatoX6_Commentary-_..
PlatoX6_Commentary-_..

... once written down they are tumbled about anywhere among those who may or may not understand them, and know not to whom they should reply, to whom not: and, if they are maltreated or abused, they have no parents to protect them; and they cannot protect or defend themselves." ...
Quining Naturalism
Quining Naturalism

... predicates—say, the terms we use in talking about medium sized objects, or in talking about numbers. Carnap thought that adopting such a framework, or way of talking, typically brings with it ontological methods and questions. These are ‘internal’ questions, questions that arise within the framework ...
2 MODERNISM – POSTMODERNISM
2 MODERNISM – POSTMODERNISM

... driven by unconscious forces, suppressed dreams and sexual desires. In Steven Connor’s view, in his Philosophical Investigations (1958), Wittgenstein understood language games as “different modes of utterance corresponding to different social institutions, each following its ...
Aulis Aarnio On the Impossibility of Legal Realism
Aulis Aarnio On the Impossibility of Legal Realism

... and, especially, J. R. Searle, who later developed his famous construction of social reality. Later on, Neil McCormick and Ota Weinberger applied the same thoughts to law and formed their own institutional legal theory, which was fulfilled by Neil Mac Cormick. I do not introduce that theory in detai ...
Problems Of Metaphysical Philosophy
Problems Of Metaphysical Philosophy

... question to which answer or solution has to be given. When we therefore speak of the problems of metaphysical philosophy we have in mind those recurrent issues in metaphysics which border on human existence and influence our daily existence. We say these problems are recurrent in the sense that they ...
The Hollow of Being. What can we learn from Maurice Merleau
The Hollow of Being. What can we learn from Maurice Merleau

... consciousness and body are just abstractions cut out of the unity of Being. Put under the perspective of the difference of subject and object this primacy of an original unity of Being turns into a primacy of the object, into an interest in that which is beyond subject, language, and science and that ...
The different meanings of `being` according to Aristotle and
The different meanings of `being` according to Aristotle and

... 4. Being as actuality and being as potentiality correspond, in this last case, to an ontological consideration at the "transcendental" level. We are dealing hence with a progressive approach from the mind to reality itself: fro1n the ens secunlhfln rationenl (on kata logon) to the ens secunlhun nat~ ...
Socrates and Plato - Metaphysics and Epistemology
Socrates and Plato - Metaphysics and Epistemology

...  Argument 1: The Problem of Change in Individual Selves ...
Epicurus and Lucretius
Epicurus and Lucretius

... of atoms. The bodies around us are capable of causing us to have certain experiences because of their atomic structure (and that structure is a real property of those bodies). 2. The void is infinite in amount, and also eternal; it has no beginning and will have no end, but has and will always exis ...
Not how the world is, is the mystical, but that it is. verseny 07 L
Not how the world is, is the mystical, but that it is. verseny 07 L

... meaningless, because the metaphysical reality lies otside the world and the language deals only with the facts of the world. However, these systems may be used as „ladders“, ways of getting nearer to the metaphysical reality, and in some non-logical way allow for a higher understanding, and the tran ...
Philosophy
Philosophy

... Plato also thought a lot about the natural world and how it works. He thought that everything had a sort of ideal form, like the idea of a chair, and then an actual chair was a sort of poor imitation of the ideal chair that exists only in your mind. One of the ways Plato tried to explain his ideas w ...
8. Handout on Plato`s Theory of Forms - Elly Pirocacos
8. Handout on Plato`s Theory of Forms - Elly Pirocacos

... “time” before our physical existence. These Forms then, are the entities that our a priori truths are about. 3) Forms are the entities to which the objects of our sensory experience correspond. Sensory objects themselves are only IMPERFECTLY black or equal and so on, since under different circumstan ...
A Conception of Social Ontology - The Cambridge Social Ontology
A Conception of Social Ontology - The Cambridge Social Ontology

... as components as well as bound to features of the environment (on all this see Lawson, 2012, 2013a) . Ontological and causal reducibility and downward causation An interesting set of questions in any context is whether an emergent entity bears causal powers, and if so what is the nature of the relat ...
Class #3 - 12/18/13
Class #3 - 12/18/13

... for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. Early debates among the Pre-Socratics centered on identifying a single underlying principle or source of material reality. Thales claimed it was water. Anaximenes proposed that it was air ...
Christian Thomas KOHL
Christian Thomas KOHL

... these modes of thought, one first has to recognize them as such. Therefore, without any claim to completeness, I will give a brief outline of these four modes of thought: 1. Substantialism. Substance is something that has independent existence (Webster's New World Dictionary, New York, 1968). In Eu ...
Civilization Sequence 201
Civilization Sequence 201

... nature, are neither good nor bad; but they are educable. Habit and training could be used for the development of natural predispositions and capacities. Habit cannot change the ‘nature’ of a thing. Human beings, by nature, are social beings. Virtues are good (and desirable) character traits. Once fu ...
Aristotle
Aristotle

... nature, are neither good nor bad; but they are educable. Habit and training could be used for the development of natural predispositions and capacities. Habit cannot change the ‘nature’ of a thing. Human beings, by nature, are social beings. Virtues are good (and desirable) character traits. Once fu ...
c1w3 - GEOCITIES.ws
c1w3 - GEOCITIES.ws

... • The Greeks originated the belief that humans could regulate their political lives according to reason but their history shows difficult it was to maintain a rational society ...
Sometimes I despair of my philosophical colleagues
Sometimes I despair of my philosophical colleagues

... are in the business of developing comprehensive theories that accurately describe the universe we live in. The ultimate test of philosophical theories is that they should tally with the independent information we get about that universe through our senses, just as it is with scientific theories. And ...
Essay 96 Topic II ´´Death and life, survival and perishing, success
Essay 96 Topic II ´´Death and life, survival and perishing, success

... ’’Faust’’, explores the metamorphosis of a single human being, from an academic framework of refference to a metaphysical horizon of expectations. It is the volatile aspect of one’s existence that is so interesting about this matter, meaning that, in order to get away from the academic ennui he embr ...
as pdf - Free Buddhist Audio
as pdf - Free Buddhist Audio

... Abstract. Rudyard Kipling, the famous english author of “The Jungle Book”, born in India, wrote one day these words: “Oh, East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.” In my paper I show that Kipling was not completely right. I try to show the common ground between buddhist philoso ...
Grendel BY John gardner
Grendel BY John gardner

... He says, “I alone exist…I create the whole universe, blink by blink.” After arriving back in his cave, Grendel says, “The world is all pointless accident…I exist, nothing else.” ...
What is Logical Form?
What is Logical Form?

... Dualism is the view that all of reality is divided into two kinds of things. Thus, if you believe that all of reality is divided between the realm of God and the physical universe, or that there is a "higher world" and a "lower world", or that reality is composed of spirit and matter, you are a dual ...
Existence is a real
Existence is a real

... 'President Obama exists' and 'Elephants (as opposed to dinosaurs) exist'.1 Miller was aware that most philosophers in the Western tradition going back to Greek philosophy have denied that existence is a real property; the only period in which that view was widely held was the high middle ages. (The ...
Handout
Handout

... Arguments against semantic physicalism: (i) If this theory were right, then it would be reasonable to worry that there just aren’t enough objects in the world to make our mathematical theories true. (ii) Semantic physicalism implies that our mathematical theories are empirical theories and that the ...
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Ontology



Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist, and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. Although ontology as a philosophical enterprise is highly theoretical, it also has practical application in information science and technology, such as ontology engineering.
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