Mechanisms of Alkenes
... • The electron-rich species is a Lewis Base (must have a lone pair) and is called the “nucleophile”. • The electron-poor species is a Lewis Acid (must have empty orbital) and is called the “electrophile”. ...
... • The electron-rich species is a Lewis Base (must have a lone pair) and is called the “nucleophile”. • The electron-poor species is a Lewis Acid (must have empty orbital) and is called the “electrophile”. ...
TEST - Alcohols and ethers A brief guide to alcohol, ether and epoxy
... Alcohols are usually named by the first procedure and are designated by an ol suffix, as in ethanol, CH3CH2OH (note that a locator number is not needed on a two-carbon chain). On longer chains the location of the hydroxyl group determines chain numbering. For example: (CH3)2C=CHCH(OH)CH3 is 4-methyl ...
... Alcohols are usually named by the first procedure and are designated by an ol suffix, as in ethanol, CH3CH2OH (note that a locator number is not needed on a two-carbon chain). On longer chains the location of the hydroxyl group determines chain numbering. For example: (CH3)2C=CHCH(OH)CH3 is 4-methyl ...
Chapter 2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC
... Heterocyclic compounds. They contain a cyclic skeleton having at least one heteroatom, an atom that is not carbon. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. More than one heteroatom may be present and these atoms may be identical or different. The structures of some natural hetero ...
... Heterocyclic compounds. They contain a cyclic skeleton having at least one heteroatom, an atom that is not carbon. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. More than one heteroatom may be present and these atoms may be identical or different. The structures of some natural hetero ...
www.studyguide.pk
... University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. ...
... University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. ...
Oxidation and Reduction
... In organic chemistry, the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen is often referred to as oxidation. In practice, a series of functional groups have been qualitatively identified in the order of increasing oxidation state. Then, oxidation is referred to as the conversion of one functional group higher in ...
... In organic chemistry, the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen is often referred to as oxidation. In practice, a series of functional groups have been qualitatively identified in the order of increasing oxidation state. Then, oxidation is referred to as the conversion of one functional group higher in ...
Synthesis of Ligands for the Functionalization of Magnetic
... The purpose of this project is to develop iron nanoparticle compounds to be used as renewable organic catalysts. Organic synthesis is vital to the development of new pharmaceutical and petroleum based chemicals. However, it is often expensive and time consuming, which is not favorable for industrial ...
... The purpose of this project is to develop iron nanoparticle compounds to be used as renewable organic catalysts. Organic synthesis is vital to the development of new pharmaceutical and petroleum based chemicals. However, it is often expensive and time consuming, which is not favorable for industrial ...
Alkenes
... The Zaitsev Rule Zaitsev Rule states that the elimination reaction yields the more highly substituted alkene as the major product. The more stable alkene product predominates. ...
... The Zaitsev Rule Zaitsev Rule states that the elimination reaction yields the more highly substituted alkene as the major product. The more stable alkene product predominates. ...
(a) Draw a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary alcohol for the
... When propan-1-ol reacts with HCl, a substitution reaction occurs; in this reaction the Cl from HCl replaces the –OH group from propan-1-ol, forming a haloalkane. The reaction between conc. H2SO4 / heat, and propan-1-ol is an elimination reaction because an –OH group attached to C1, and a hydrogen at ...
... When propan-1-ol reacts with HCl, a substitution reaction occurs; in this reaction the Cl from HCl replaces the –OH group from propan-1-ol, forming a haloalkane. The reaction between conc. H2SO4 / heat, and propan-1-ol is an elimination reaction because an –OH group attached to C1, and a hydrogen at ...
Synopsis
... corresponding sulfoxides has been developed though non stereoselectively. The diastereomeric sulfilimines behave in a stereoconvergent fashion and afford products with the same configuration at carbon. An efficient route to αhydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives AHDA and AHPBA was developed using a commo ...
... corresponding sulfoxides has been developed though non stereoselectively. The diastereomeric sulfilimines behave in a stereoconvergent fashion and afford products with the same configuration at carbon. An efficient route to αhydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives AHDA and AHPBA was developed using a commo ...
MS PowerPoint - Catalysis Eprints database
... POM function in both heterogeneous and homogeneous Simple distillation to separate the MOM-Cl Maximum yield of the MOM-Cl is 78 % after 4h ...
... POM function in both heterogeneous and homogeneous Simple distillation to separate the MOM-Cl Maximum yield of the MOM-Cl is 78 % after 4h ...
Ch 8 Lecture 1
... e) Organic molecules with polar functional groups (-OH, -NH2, -CO2H) have much higher water solubilities 2) The longer the alkyl group, the less water soluble the alcohol (more soluble in hydrocarbons—like dissolves like) 3) MeOH and EtOH are very similar to water as solvents: many salts will dissol ...
... e) Organic molecules with polar functional groups (-OH, -NH2, -CO2H) have much higher water solubilities 2) The longer the alkyl group, the less water soluble the alcohol (more soluble in hydrocarbons—like dissolves like) 3) MeOH and EtOH are very similar to water as solvents: many salts will dissol ...
chapter twenty-two organic and biological molecules
... light must be present. For toluene, the light-catalyzed reaction substitutes a chlorine for a hydrogen in the methyl group attached to the benzene ring. ...
... light must be present. For toluene, the light-catalyzed reaction substitutes a chlorine for a hydrogen in the methyl group attached to the benzene ring. ...
Organic Compounds and Nomenclature
... C-C bonds rotate around their axes to give conformations, which differ only in their bond rotations. Structural Isomers: Have the same molecular formulas but their atoms bond in different orders. Ex: C5H12 CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3 CH3 ...
... C-C bonds rotate around their axes to give conformations, which differ only in their bond rotations. Structural Isomers: Have the same molecular formulas but their atoms bond in different orders. Ex: C5H12 CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3 CH3 ...
Isolating High Value Aromatics from Lignin Stockpiles
... The cleavage of aryl-heteroatom bonds has become an important research interest as is could benefit the petroleum industry and make use of valuable lignin stockpiles. Asphaltene has a high concentration aryl-heteroatoms throughout the structure and is a byproduct from crude oil refinement. This mate ...
... The cleavage of aryl-heteroatom bonds has become an important research interest as is could benefit the petroleum industry and make use of valuable lignin stockpiles. Asphaltene has a high concentration aryl-heteroatoms throughout the structure and is a byproduct from crude oil refinement. This mate ...
Chapter 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols
... 1-Ethylphenol 2-Ethylphenol 3-Ethylphenol 4-Ethylphenol ...
... 1-Ethylphenol 2-Ethylphenol 3-Ethylphenol 4-Ethylphenol ...
167KB - NZQA
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
Main Group Organometallic Compounds
... Highly polar, covalent – Li, Al alkyls, Grignard reagents • Polarity is a source of reactivity • Adopt associated structures – bonding power of electron pairs spread over more than 2 atoms ...
... Highly polar, covalent – Li, Al alkyls, Grignard reagents • Polarity is a source of reactivity • Adopt associated structures – bonding power of electron pairs spread over more than 2 atoms ...
C - Glow Blogs
... Reacting water with an ester to form an alcohol and acid would be an example of this type of reaction. ...
... Reacting water with an ester to form an alcohol and acid would be an example of this type of reaction. ...
Alcohols and Carbonyls test
... Reacting water with an ester to form an alcohol and acid would be an example of this type of reaction. ...
... Reacting water with an ester to form an alcohol and acid would be an example of this type of reaction. ...
Chp 4 Carbon and Molecular Diversity
... skeletons. In fact, these molecules can be viewed as hydrocarbon derivatives with functional groups in place of H, bonded to carbon at various sites along the molecule. 1. The hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group = A functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn ...
... skeletons. In fact, these molecules can be viewed as hydrocarbon derivatives with functional groups in place of H, bonded to carbon at various sites along the molecule. 1. The hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group = A functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn ...
Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis: Creation of Carbon
... in CH2Cl2, 2 h, 25 °C, to reach a ninhydrin-negative support, then adding aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal by a DIPCDI/HOBt-mediated coupling, and finally removing the dimethyl acetal protecting group with LiBF4 (2 equivalents) in H2O–CH3CN (1 : 49), 1 h, 25 °C. The resin-bound substrates for the r ...
... in CH2Cl2, 2 h, 25 °C, to reach a ninhydrin-negative support, then adding aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal by a DIPCDI/HOBt-mediated coupling, and finally removing the dimethyl acetal protecting group with LiBF4 (2 equivalents) in H2O–CH3CN (1 : 49), 1 h, 25 °C. The resin-bound substrates for the r ...
CH2 Student Revision Guides pdf
... We should remember that hydrogen bonding is stronger than van der Waals forces and permanent dipole– dipole attractions but weaker than covalent bonding. ...
... We should remember that hydrogen bonding is stronger than van der Waals forces and permanent dipole– dipole attractions but weaker than covalent bonding. ...
Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkene, olefin, and olefine are used often interchangeably (see nomenclature section below). Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as mono-enes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n. Alkenes have two hydrogen atoms less than the corresponding alkane (with the same number of carbon atoms). The simplest alkene, ethylene (C2H4), which has the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name ethene is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, but their structure and properties are different and they are not considered to be alkenes.