A review of the epidemiology of scrapie in sheep
... environmental contamination at the field study site increased over time, then those animals born at the study site were exposed to a greater level of environmental contamination than sheep that had been introduced to the site at the start of the study. A short incubation period in sheep exposed to t ...
... environmental contamination at the field study site increased over time, then those animals born at the study site were exposed to a greater level of environmental contamination than sheep that had been introduced to the site at the start of the study. A short incubation period in sheep exposed to t ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 1995–2009
... the other Nordic countries, the legionella figures for the entire 15-year surveillance period indicate that legionella infections are still clearly underdiagnosed, stressing the need for a much wider use of the urine ...
... the other Nordic countries, the legionella figures for the entire 15-year surveillance period indicate that legionella infections are still clearly underdiagnosed, stressing the need for a much wider use of the urine ...
Melioidosis: an important emerging infectious disease — a military
... following an outbreak in sheep in northern Queensland.30 Besides humans, the disease affects birds and many susceptible animals such as sheep, goats, horses, pigs and cattle. Both humans and animals acquire the disease in a similar manner—from the soil and surface water. Zoonotic transmission to hum ...
... following an outbreak in sheep in northern Queensland.30 Besides humans, the disease affects birds and many susceptible animals such as sheep, goats, horses, pigs and cattle. Both humans and animals acquire the disease in a similar manner—from the soil and surface water. Zoonotic transmission to hum ...
Outline - San Francisco Bay Area Advanced Practice Center
... muskrats, field voles, and rats. Incidental hosts include some species of mammals (e.g., humans, cats, dogs, cattle), birds, fish, and amphibians. Organisms can survive for weeks in moist environments, including water, mud, and decaying animal tissue.2 There is some evidence that the protozoa Acanth ...
... muskrats, field voles, and rats. Incidental hosts include some species of mammals (e.g., humans, cats, dogs, cattle), birds, fish, and amphibians. Organisms can survive for weeks in moist environments, including water, mud, and decaying animal tissue.2 There is some evidence that the protozoa Acanth ...
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... sanitation, the virus easily spreads through the fecal-oral route, via contaminated water or food. In addition, direct contact with a person infected with the virus can cause polio. What are the symptoms of polio? Polio, in its most debilitating forms, displays symptoms such as paralysis and death. ...
... sanitation, the virus easily spreads through the fecal-oral route, via contaminated water or food. In addition, direct contact with a person infected with the virus can cause polio. What are the symptoms of polio? Polio, in its most debilitating forms, displays symptoms such as paralysis and death. ...
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
... According to the above-mentioned geographical heterogeneous distribution of HCV-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, patients with HCV-negative cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are commonly found in some areas such as northern Europe [25] where the overall prevalence of the disease is significantly lower ...
... According to the above-mentioned geographical heterogeneous distribution of HCV-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, patients with HCV-negative cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are commonly found in some areas such as northern Europe [25] where the overall prevalence of the disease is significantly lower ...
Slide 1
... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are encapsulated yeast, which can be inhaled from the environment. Usually this results in harmless colonisation of the airways. However in some situations, it may lead to disseminated disease including serious and life threatening meningitis. ...
... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are encapsulated yeast, which can be inhaled from the environment. Usually this results in harmless colonisation of the airways. However in some situations, it may lead to disseminated disease including serious and life threatening meningitis. ...
Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein Induces
... Chlamydia trachomatis imposes serious health problems and causes infertility. Because of asymptomatic onset, it often escapes antibiotic treatment. Therefore, vaccines offer a better option for the prevention of unwanted inflammatory sequelae. The existence of serologically distinct serovars of C. t ...
... Chlamydia trachomatis imposes serious health problems and causes infertility. Because of asymptomatic onset, it often escapes antibiotic treatment. Therefore, vaccines offer a better option for the prevention of unwanted inflammatory sequelae. The existence of serologically distinct serovars of C. t ...
of symptomatic West Nile virus infection
... West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the flavivirus family, is a reemerging pathogen maintained primarily between mosquitoes and birds, with humans representing one of several incidental hosts. First isolated in Uganda in 1937, WNV outbreaks have subsequently been reported in the Middle East, Africa, ...
... West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the flavivirus family, is a reemerging pathogen maintained primarily between mosquitoes and birds, with humans representing one of several incidental hosts. First isolated in Uganda in 1937, WNV outbreaks have subsequently been reported in the Middle East, Africa, ...
Syphilis: A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment
... for syphilis. These assays have a high specificity and sensitivity. These usually become positive before non treponemal tests, becoming positive around 2 weeks after infection and usually remain positive lifelong. Sensitivity of EIA IgM is variously reported as 48-77% in early syphilis [16]. Once th ...
... for syphilis. These assays have a high specificity and sensitivity. These usually become positive before non treponemal tests, becoming positive around 2 weeks after infection and usually remain positive lifelong. Sensitivity of EIA IgM is variously reported as 48-77% in early syphilis [16]. Once th ...
Branchial Cleft Cysts
... Arnot proposed the first classification for anomalies of the first branchial cleft. He designated as a Type 1 defect any cyst or sinus in the parotid gland that is lined by squamous epithelium and which presents in early or middle adult life. Type 2 defects develop during childhood in the anterior t ...
... Arnot proposed the first classification for anomalies of the first branchial cleft. He designated as a Type 1 defect any cyst or sinus in the parotid gland that is lined by squamous epithelium and which presents in early or middle adult life. Type 2 defects develop during childhood in the anterior t ...
Birhanu Abera, et al - International Journal of Current Research
... Mastitis is usually classified as clinical and sub clinical based on aetiopathological findings and observation, clinical mastitis is further classified as per acute, chronic and gangrenous mastitis. It is most often sub clinical mastitis refers to inflammation of the mammary gland in the absence of ...
... Mastitis is usually classified as clinical and sub clinical based on aetiopathological findings and observation, clinical mastitis is further classified as per acute, chronic and gangrenous mastitis. It is most often sub clinical mastitis refers to inflammation of the mammary gland in the absence of ...
European red squirrel population dynamics driven by squirrelpox at
... It has been hypothesized that apparent competition through disease is the critical mechanism in the interaction between the invasive American eastern gray squirrel and the native Eurasian red squirrel in the United Kingdom. Their shared pathogen, SQPV, is largely asymptomatic in gray squirrels, yet ...
... It has been hypothesized that apparent competition through disease is the critical mechanism in the interaction between the invasive American eastern gray squirrel and the native Eurasian red squirrel in the United Kingdom. Their shared pathogen, SQPV, is largely asymptomatic in gray squirrels, yet ...
emerging infectious disease as a proximate cause of amphibian
... L and further reduced to 0.125 L when tadpoles reached stage 44. Beginning at stage 45, 10 1–2-week-old crickets were added to each tank for food twice weekly. Mortality rates of experimentally infected animals (laboratory experiment 2).—Because it is possible that differences in mortality in labora ...
... L and further reduced to 0.125 L when tadpoles reached stage 44. Beginning at stage 45, 10 1–2-week-old crickets were added to each tank for food twice weekly. Mortality rates of experimentally infected animals (laboratory experiment 2).—Because it is possible that differences in mortality in labora ...
et al - Journal of Medical Microbiology
... Candida species are eukaryotic opportunistic pathogens that reside on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract as well as the mouth, oesophagus and vagina (Kim & Sudbery, 2011; Lim et al., 2012). Although this commensal organism normally colonizes mucosal surfaces in an asymptomatic manner, it can b ...
... Candida species are eukaryotic opportunistic pathogens that reside on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract as well as the mouth, oesophagus and vagina (Kim & Sudbery, 2011; Lim et al., 2012). Although this commensal organism normally colonizes mucosal surfaces in an asymptomatic manner, it can b ...
Azithromycin Failure in
... genitalium-positive NGU could avoid selection of resistant mutants. The association between azithromycin failure and sexual partners from Asia may be clinically relevant, given the high levels of antimicrobial drug resistance reported in other sexually transmitted infections such as Neisseria gonorr ...
... genitalium-positive NGU could avoid selection of resistant mutants. The association between azithromycin failure and sexual partners from Asia may be clinically relevant, given the high levels of antimicrobial drug resistance reported in other sexually transmitted infections such as Neisseria gonorr ...
Sarcocystis
Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa. Species in this genus are parasites, the majority infecting mammals, and some infecting reptiles and birds.The life-cycle of a typical member of this genus involves two host species, a definitive host and an intermediate host. Often the definitive host is a predator and the intermediate host is its prey. The parasite reproduces sexually in the gut of the definitive host, is passed with the feces and ingested by the intermediate host. There it eventually enters muscle tissue. When the intermediate host is eaten by the definitive host, the cycle is completed. The definitive host usually does not show any symptoms of infection, but the intermediate host does.There are about 130 recognised species in this genus. Revision of the taxonomy of the genus is ongoing, and it is possible that all the currently recognised species may in fact be a much smaller number of species that can infect multiple hosts.The name Sarcocystis is dervived from Greek: sarx = flesh and kystis = bladder.