chapter 6 - Unisa Institutional Repository
... A century before Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, Fleming and Lister, Dutchman Antony Leeuwenhoek invented microscopic instruments that made possible the discovery of microbe types called bacteria.18 Leeuwenhoek discovered that bacteria existed not only in the bodies of humans and animals, but even in rivers ...
... A century before Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, Fleming and Lister, Dutchman Antony Leeuwenhoek invented microscopic instruments that made possible the discovery of microbe types called bacteria.18 Leeuwenhoek discovered that bacteria existed not only in the bodies of humans and animals, but even in rivers ...
Needle stick injuries in the community
... ronment, but there are little data at this time. There has been a case report [5] of HCV acquisition after an injury from a discarded needle. Unfortunately, there is no effective postexposure pro phylaxis at present. Alpha-interferon and ribavirin are used in therapy of chronic HCV infection [21], ...
... ronment, but there are little data at this time. There has been a case report [5] of HCV acquisition after an injury from a discarded needle. Unfortunately, there is no effective postexposure pro phylaxis at present. Alpha-interferon and ribavirin are used in therapy of chronic HCV infection [21], ...
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... The largest Dengue outbreak in India which occurred in 1996, was due to DENV-2. (Dar L et al) This was later replaced by DENV-3, as the dominant serotype in 2003.( Dash PK et al) The subsequent outbreaks witnessed a mixed type of infection with DENV-1, 2 and 3.( Dar L et al Himani Kukreti et al.). D ...
... The largest Dengue outbreak in India which occurred in 1996, was due to DENV-2. (Dar L et al) This was later replaced by DENV-3, as the dominant serotype in 2003.( Dash PK et al) The subsequent outbreaks witnessed a mixed type of infection with DENV-1, 2 and 3.( Dar L et al Himani Kukreti et al.). D ...
What Is Clostridium difficile?
... it causes 15-25% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cases are becoming more common and severe. • The most important risk factor for C. difficile infection (CDI) is treatment with antibiotics. The antibiotics affect the normal “good” bacteria in the intestine, which sometimes allows the C. d ...
... it causes 15-25% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cases are becoming more common and severe. • The most important risk factor for C. difficile infection (CDI) is treatment with antibiotics. The antibiotics affect the normal “good” bacteria in the intestine, which sometimes allows the C. d ...
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (aka MONO)
... can treat strep throat, but are not effective against Mono. Inflammation of the Liver and Jaundice One complication of Mono is Mono hepatitis, which is an inflammation of the liver possibly resulting in jaundice. Jaundice, which occurs when bile enters the blood, can cause the skin and urine to beco ...
... can treat strep throat, but are not effective against Mono. Inflammation of the Liver and Jaundice One complication of Mono is Mono hepatitis, which is an inflammation of the liver possibly resulting in jaundice. Jaundice, which occurs when bile enters the blood, can cause the skin and urine to beco ...
SARS Outbreak Study 2
... to make statistically significant calculations, they said. Their analysis ends with patients admitted in the week ended April 15. For those admitted later, they said, "too little time has elapsed" after the onset to allow analysis of mortality rates. In an interview, Dr. Michael T. Osterholm, an exp ...
... to make statistically significant calculations, they said. Their analysis ends with patients admitted in the week ended April 15. For those admitted later, they said, "too little time has elapsed" after the onset to allow analysis of mortality rates. In an interview, Dr. Michael T. Osterholm, an exp ...
Herpes Zoster - Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program
... infection are at risk of developing chickenpox if they are exposed directly to the draining vesicles of shingles. For this reason, several precautions should be taken to decrease the risk to non-immune persons. Caregivers should wear gloves when examining the patient. Draining vesicles should be cov ...
... infection are at risk of developing chickenpox if they are exposed directly to the draining vesicles of shingles. For this reason, several precautions should be taken to decrease the risk to non-immune persons. Caregivers should wear gloves when examining the patient. Draining vesicles should be cov ...
Dengue Fever - johnbirchall
... sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking, hence the name. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. ...
... sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking, hence the name. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis - HousePaws In Home Veterinarian
... While coronaviruses in general are highly contagious, the number of exposed cats that actually contract FIP is low. In most cats, coronaviruses remain confined to the intestinal tract and will not cause FIP. It appears that a combination of virus mutation and a trigger within the cat (possibly with ...
... While coronaviruses in general are highly contagious, the number of exposed cats that actually contract FIP is low. In most cats, coronaviruses remain confined to the intestinal tract and will not cause FIP. It appears that a combination of virus mutation and a trigger within the cat (possibly with ...
Emerging of Avian Leukosis Sub-group J (ALV
... and A2, whilst thirteen (13/36 or 36%) and ten (10/24 or 42%) of the serum were positive for ALV-J in groups B1 and B2, respectively which is lower then findings reported previously, up to 97% (Asiah et al., 2001). In contrast, all the serum samples of broiler chickens from the groups C, D, E and F ...
... and A2, whilst thirteen (13/36 or 36%) and ten (10/24 or 42%) of the serum were positive for ALV-J in groups B1 and B2, respectively which is lower then findings reported previously, up to 97% (Asiah et al., 2001). In contrast, all the serum samples of broiler chickens from the groups C, D, E and F ...
FOMITES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION: A
... well as presence/absence of viral pathogens (e.g. enterovirus and norovirus). Health was monitored daily by childcare staff, who tracked absences, illness-related absences, and symptomatic respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The resultant data suggests that increases in microbial contamination ...
... well as presence/absence of viral pathogens (e.g. enterovirus and norovirus). Health was monitored daily by childcare staff, who tracked absences, illness-related absences, and symptomatic respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The resultant data suggests that increases in microbial contamination ...
Jeopardy
... d. The infectious virus gradually builds up over a long period of time. ANSWER BACK TO GAME © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... d. The infectious virus gradually builds up over a long period of time. ANSWER BACK TO GAME © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Exploratory Space-Time Analyses of Rift Valley Fever in
... Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis for which the primary hosts are domestic livestock (cattle, sheep and goats). RVF was first described in South Africa in 1950–1951. Mechanisms for short and long distance transmission have been hypothesised, but there is little supporting ...
... Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis for which the primary hosts are domestic livestock (cattle, sheep and goats). RVF was first described in South Africa in 1950–1951. Mechanisms for short and long distance transmission have been hypothesised, but there is little supporting ...
High-level expression of recombinant dengue
... are prepared from dengue viruses-infected mouse brain or cultured cells and are extracted by acetone-sucrose gradient. Not only are these procedures laborious and unsafe, they may also result in differences in batch quality. The ability to produce recombinant antigens raises the question of whether ...
... are prepared from dengue viruses-infected mouse brain or cultured cells and are extracted by acetone-sucrose gradient. Not only are these procedures laborious and unsafe, they may also result in differences in batch quality. The ability to produce recombinant antigens raises the question of whether ...
Abortive rabies virus central nervous infection is induction of
... was correlated with increased viral replication. However, this replication was limited and the virus was progressively cleared from the CNS of paralysed mice. On day 12, rabies RNA was undetected in spinal cord and brain from CD8 depleted BALB/c mice. In contrast, on day 12, nude mice expressing hig ...
... was correlated with increased viral replication. However, this replication was limited and the virus was progressively cleared from the CNS of paralysed mice. On day 12, rabies RNA was undetected in spinal cord and brain from CD8 depleted BALB/c mice. In contrast, on day 12, nude mice expressing hig ...
Virology: Research and Treatment
... activator, Tax, which include deregulating mitotic checkpoints, inducing nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, and inactivating tumor suppressors, play a critical role in the early stages of leukemogenesis.5,6 However, Tax expression may require strict regulation during clinical latency and may be expe ...
... activator, Tax, which include deregulating mitotic checkpoints, inducing nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, and inactivating tumor suppressors, play a critical role in the early stages of leukemogenesis.5,6 However, Tax expression may require strict regulation during clinical latency and may be expe ...
Review Respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients
... prevent a normal inflammatory response, symptoms may be mild [12,13]. Lung transplant recipients, for example, might initially only have the subjective symptoms of shortness of breath or subtle changes in pulmonary function testing without more typical symptoms [16]. Fever can be absent in transplan ...
... prevent a normal inflammatory response, symptoms may be mild [12,13]. Lung transplant recipients, for example, might initially only have the subjective symptoms of shortness of breath or subtle changes in pulmonary function testing without more typical symptoms [16]. Fever can be absent in transplan ...
Hepatic infectious diseases e-Poster: EE
... Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections worldwide. Liver involvement generally occurs in association with intestinal tuberculosis, with dissemination through the portal venous system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may also reach the liver by haematogenous or lymphatic spread. The most common ...
... Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections worldwide. Liver involvement generally occurs in association with intestinal tuberculosis, with dissemination through the portal venous system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may also reach the liver by haematogenous or lymphatic spread. The most common ...
Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus
... vomiting, diarrhea, headache and a sore throat. A fraction of patients may later develop severe internal and external hemorrhagic manifestations and experience multiple organ failures [21]. Except for RESTV, all other Ebola strains are pathogenic to humans. Human outbreaks may stem from direct human ...
... vomiting, diarrhea, headache and a sore throat. A fraction of patients may later develop severe internal and external hemorrhagic manifestations and experience multiple organ failures [21]. Except for RESTV, all other Ebola strains are pathogenic to humans. Human outbreaks may stem from direct human ...
Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review
... vomiting, diarrhea, headache and a sore throat. A fraction of patients may later develop severe internal and external hemorrhagic manifestations and experience multiple organ failures [21]. Except for RESTV, all other Ebola strains are pathogenic to humans. Human outbreaks may stem from direct human ...
... vomiting, diarrhea, headache and a sore throat. A fraction of patients may later develop severe internal and external hemorrhagic manifestations and experience multiple organ failures [21]. Except for RESTV, all other Ebola strains are pathogenic to humans. Human outbreaks may stem from direct human ...
Cross Infection in Dentistry
... antibiotic sensitivities to those from the dentist’s hands. MRSA can cause life-threatening disease in older populations. Implications for dental practitioners include the fact that they may be passive vectors for the disease and that dental treatment of patients with active MRSA infections must fol ...
... antibiotic sensitivities to those from the dentist’s hands. MRSA can cause life-threatening disease in older populations. Implications for dental practitioners include the fact that they may be passive vectors for the disease and that dental treatment of patients with active MRSA infections must fol ...
Henipavirus
Henipavirus is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing three established species: Hendra virus, Nipah virus and Cedar virus. The henipaviruses are naturally harboured by Pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes) and some microbat species. Henipavirus is characterised by a large genome, a wide host range, and their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans.In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known Henipaviruses were detected in Eidolon helvum (the African straw-colored fruit bat) in Ghana. The finding of these novel putative Henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of Henipaviruses extends to Africa.