Clearance of infection in cats naturally infected with feline
... Epidemiological data suggest that, in field conditions, seropositive cats develop a protective immunity against natural infection rather than an increased sensitivity (Addie et al., ...
... Epidemiological data suggest that, in field conditions, seropositive cats develop a protective immunity against natural infection rather than an increased sensitivity (Addie et al., ...
Ringworm (tinea) - National Health Care for the Homeless Council
... No need to exclude or quarantine, but good handwashing is important, as is covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing. ...
... No need to exclude or quarantine, but good handwashing is important, as is covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing. ...
Viral Hepatitides in Childhood Marcela Galoppoa, Carol Lezama E
... them has their respective antibodies: anti-HBc (IgM and IgG), anti-HBe, and anti-HBs. The IgMtype anti-HBc is a marker for acute phase, together with the HbsAg. If the anti-HBc is of the IgG type, it only indicates that the individual has been in contact with the virus. If both markers are positive, ...
... them has their respective antibodies: anti-HBc (IgM and IgG), anti-HBe, and anti-HBs. The IgMtype anti-HBc is a marker for acute phase, together with the HbsAg. If the anti-HBc is of the IgG type, it only indicates that the individual has been in contact with the virus. If both markers are positive, ...
Supplementary methods No intervention According to the natural
... Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious/asymptomatic–Removed–Water (SEIARW) model, where individuals are characterized according to their epidemiological status as susceptible (S), exposed (E, infected but not yet fully contagious), infectious (I), asymptomatic (A), and recovered (R); W denotes the reservoir ...
... Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious/asymptomatic–Removed–Water (SEIARW) model, where individuals are characterized according to their epidemiological status as susceptible (S), exposed (E, infected but not yet fully contagious), infectious (I), asymptomatic (A), and recovered (R); W denotes the reservoir ...
Health in Shelters - National Health Care for the Homeless Council
... handwashing is important, as is covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing. ...
... handwashing is important, as is covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing. ...
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BIOHAZARD AGENT REGISTRATION [BAR] FORM INSTRUCTIONS
... vaccination is required. Depending on the specific nature of the research, additional vaccines may be useful. To ensure the safety of those involved in this research project, please review the vaccine-preventable diseases listed on the Center for Disease Control’s web site at http://www.cdc.gov/vac ...
... vaccination is required. Depending on the specific nature of the research, additional vaccines may be useful. To ensure the safety of those involved in this research project, please review the vaccine-preventable diseases listed on the Center for Disease Control’s web site at http://www.cdc.gov/vac ...
Lecture 5 (Ch6) - Viruses Virus Characteristics Viral Host Range
... tiny! - 20nm -450nm (no light scope) do not independently fulfill characteristics of life active only inside the cell surface molecules confer high specificity use hosts genetic material lack enzymes or machinery for synthesis ...
... tiny! - 20nm -450nm (no light scope) do not independently fulfill characteristics of life active only inside the cell surface molecules confer high specificity use hosts genetic material lack enzymes or machinery for synthesis ...
Biology, Transmission, and Pathogenesis
... time. The period of viral shedding in the saliva prior to or after the onset of clinical symptoms is not known for these animals; therefore, an appropriate observation period following an exposure cannot be ascertained. Animals can acquire the virus not only from bites and scratches with saliva cont ...
... time. The period of viral shedding in the saliva prior to or after the onset of clinical symptoms is not known for these animals; therefore, an appropriate observation period following an exposure cannot be ascertained. Animals can acquire the virus not only from bites and scratches with saliva cont ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
Chapter 6
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
Chapter 19 Overview: A Borrowed Life • Viruses called
... Viral diseases in a small isolated population can emerge and become global ...
... Viral diseases in a small isolated population can emerge and become global ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
... • Several billion viral infections per year • Some viruses have high mortality rates • Possible connection of viruses to chronic afflictions of unknown cause • Viruses are major participants in the earth’s ...
viruses
... – ssRNA genomes ready for immediate translation are positive-sense RNA – ssRNA genomes that must be converted into proper form are negative-sense RNA ...
... – ssRNA genomes ready for immediate translation are positive-sense RNA – ssRNA genomes that must be converted into proper form are negative-sense RNA ...
Feline Leukemia Virus - Dr. Brahmbhatt`s Class Handouts
... persistent viremia and no clinical signs. Diagnosed by ELISA Active form: Clinical signs and secondary viremia. Point of no most cats will be infected for the rest of their lives. Diagnosed by IFA/ ELISA ...
... persistent viremia and no clinical signs. Diagnosed by ELISA Active form: Clinical signs and secondary viremia. Point of no most cats will be infected for the rest of their lives. Diagnosed by IFA/ ELISA ...
epidemiology - Devon County Council
... most likely mechanism of the infection being introduced into the UK. Humans, horses and other animal species are believed to be dead-end hosts, i.e. there is no spread from them to other people or animals. It is possible that a recently infected horse or person, incubating the infection, could have ...
... most likely mechanism of the infection being introduced into the UK. Humans, horses and other animal species are believed to be dead-end hosts, i.e. there is no spread from them to other people or animals. It is possible that a recently infected horse or person, incubating the infection, could have ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E:
... [Proof of etiology for infectious agents] 1) The organism must always be found in the diseased animal but not in healthy ones 2) The organism must be isolated from diseased animals and grown in pure culture away from the animal 3) The organism located in pure culture must initiate and reproduce the ...
... [Proof of etiology for infectious agents] 1) The organism must always be found in the diseased animal but not in healthy ones 2) The organism must be isolated from diseased animals and grown in pure culture away from the animal 3) The organism located in pure culture must initiate and reproduce the ...
PD-24-Grondin 1616KB Dec 10 2009 12:23:35 PM
... Virus filled droplets can drop up - to 2 metres away from source Virus can survive on hard surfaces up to 48 hours Hands often pick up virus from contaminated surfaces (door knobs, phones, pens, chair arms, etc) Virus can enter the body through mouth, nose or rarely, eyes (via hands, hand held food, ...
... Virus filled droplets can drop up - to 2 metres away from source Virus can survive on hard surfaces up to 48 hours Hands often pick up virus from contaminated surfaces (door knobs, phones, pens, chair arms, etc) Virus can enter the body through mouth, nose or rarely, eyes (via hands, hand held food, ...
Observation on the outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia
... There had been indications in the past years on the existence of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. But attempts to isolate the virus had never been carried out. Hence this has hindered to reach a final diagnosis and declare the occurrence of the disease. The present study on the isolation of the virus ...
... There had been indications in the past years on the existence of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. But attempts to isolate the virus had never been carried out. Hence this has hindered to reach a final diagnosis and declare the occurrence of the disease. The present study on the isolation of the virus ...
11mb ppt
... In some instances, viral entry requires two or more different coreceptors on the cell surface. Usually, both co-receptors are necessary and neither alone is sufficient. Different isolates of the same virus may prefer different receptors. A specific virus isolate may alter its receptor preference by ...
... In some instances, viral entry requires two or more different coreceptors on the cell surface. Usually, both co-receptors are necessary and neither alone is sufficient. Different isolates of the same virus may prefer different receptors. A specific virus isolate may alter its receptor preference by ...
Chapter 2: Infection
... Infection with these blood borne viruses (BBVs) can occur if blood from an infected person gets into the bloodstream of an uninfected person. This usually requires a breach in the skin or mucous membranes (the mucous membranes are the delicate linings of the body orifices; the nose, mouth, rectum an ...
... Infection with these blood borne viruses (BBVs) can occur if blood from an infected person gets into the bloodstream of an uninfected person. This usually requires a breach in the skin or mucous membranes (the mucous membranes are the delicate linings of the body orifices; the nose, mouth, rectum an ...
Herpes Simplex: Initial and Recurrent Infections
... pletely the first time they occur. Typically, another outat the same site, and the physician initiated antiviral therbreak can appear weeks or months later at the same site, apy. A culture was positive for HSV-1. but it almost always is less severe and of shorter duration than the initial outbreak. ...
... pletely the first time they occur. Typically, another outat the same site, and the physician initiated antiviral therbreak can appear weeks or months later at the same site, apy. A culture was positive for HSV-1. but it almost always is less severe and of shorter duration than the initial outbreak. ...
Russia, Supercourse and bioterrorism preparedness
... • Share knowledge, education and training systems with other public health professionals in FSU and worldwide ...
... • Share knowledge, education and training systems with other public health professionals in FSU and worldwide ...
Staggering Disease in a Cat - The Journal of Applied Research in
... (p24)-protein antigens (major structural proteins of the virus core) using a highly specific antigen ELISA (cAg) recently described in full detail.31 Prior to ELISA testing, brain tissue was suspended in sterile 20% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ultrasonicated. The brain suspension (diluted 1: ...
... (p24)-protein antigens (major structural proteins of the virus core) using a highly specific antigen ELISA (cAg) recently described in full detail.31 Prior to ELISA testing, brain tissue was suspended in sterile 20% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ultrasonicated. The brain suspension (diluted 1: ...
Replication of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in the Chicken
... at all times the extracted viral RNA from IBV-infected monolayers was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tissue culture effective dose50 was used to measure virus titration performed on chicken mesenchymal stem cells and the titres in twenty passages was 108.6 TID50/ml. ...
... at all times the extracted viral RNA from IBV-infected monolayers was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tissue culture effective dose50 was used to measure virus titration performed on chicken mesenchymal stem cells and the titres in twenty passages was 108.6 TID50/ml. ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}