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Researchers have found that children in day care are more likely to
Researchers have found that children in day care are more likely to

... Newborns are immune to many diseases because of antibodies they have acquired from their mothers while in the womb. These antibodies only last from about a month to a year after birth, so it is best to vaccinate children when they are babies. However, you should still have your children vaccinated, ...
PowerPoint
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... • HBV can survive in dried blood for at least one week ...
CHARLES H. CALISHER AND BRIAN WJ MAHY
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... become endemic because it has occurred not high enough to infect mosquitoes. estimated incidence of WNV encephalitis for six consecutive years. In the temperThus, it is unlikely that humans or other in organ transplant patients was about 40 ate zones of North America, the peak mammals play a role in ...
INFORMATION ABOUT EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE (EBOLA) DATE: OCTOBER 15, 2014
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... In women who were infected while pregnant, the virus may persist in the fetus, amniotic fluid, placenta and breast milk. Women who become pregnant after recovering from EVD infection are not considered infectious from the fetus, amniotic fluid or placenta. It is possible for the Ebola virus to remai ...
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... (established by the histogram method outlined in the main text) as a function of ϕ. Dashed lines are the standard deviation of the average outbreak size. The dotted lines illustrate the ϕ value (vertical, ϕ = 0.028) that achieves an attack ratio of 0.25 (horizontal, 2500 individuals of a population ...
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... almost certainly rare for a number of reasons. Humans lived in hunter-gatherer communities, and this life style required large areas of land to collect food from. Each small group of people lived an isolated existence away from other populations, preventing the spread of disease. There were no domes ...
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Ebola virus disease



Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}
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