Urbanization and Vector-Borne Disease Emergence
... species in the family Culicidae, and many of these Dengue is the most prominent example where ur- species have also been shown to be able to transfer the banization has played a major role in disease emer- virus to vertebrate hosts (Leake, 1992). The most imgence, but also the exponential population ...
... species in the family Culicidae, and many of these Dengue is the most prominent example where ur- species have also been shown to be able to transfer the banization has played a major role in disease emer- virus to vertebrate hosts (Leake, 1992). The most imgence, but also the exponential population ...
Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity
... 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Im ...
... 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Im ...
Canine Distemper Virus
... fever and lymphopenia. The virus then spreads to epithelial tissues and the central nervous system. Infection may clear, dogs may become silent carriers (if partial immunity), or may progress to the systemic stage. Silent carriers may still be infective for other dogs and may develop hyperkeratosis ...
... fever and lymphopenia. The virus then spreads to epithelial tissues and the central nervous system. Infection may clear, dogs may become silent carriers (if partial immunity), or may progress to the systemic stage. Silent carriers may still be infective for other dogs and may develop hyperkeratosis ...
Virus demyelination
... from SSPE brain samples indicates that, relative to reference strains, many genomes have mutations or deletions (Baczko et al, 1986; Cattaneo et al, 1988). Expression of the viral envelope proteins M, F, and H is generally low or undetectable during persistent infection, whereas expression of the nu ...
... from SSPE brain samples indicates that, relative to reference strains, many genomes have mutations or deletions (Baczko et al, 1986; Cattaneo et al, 1988). Expression of the viral envelope proteins M, F, and H is generally low or undetectable during persistent infection, whereas expression of the nu ...
Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations
... the disease was associated with the presence of several underlying medical conditions, with 90 % of the affected cases suffering from underlying diseases. Suprisingly, cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction and neurological disorders including en ...
... the disease was associated with the presence of several underlying medical conditions, with 90 % of the affected cases suffering from underlying diseases. Suprisingly, cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction and neurological disorders including en ...
Ford-WSAVA FELINE
... number of routes, including oral and respiratory secretions, feces, and possibly, urine. It appears that close, sustained contact between cats (esp. a carrier queen and her kittens) is required for effective transmission of the virus. The potential for transmission by insects is not known. Transmiss ...
... number of routes, including oral and respiratory secretions, feces, and possibly, urine. It appears that close, sustained contact between cats (esp. a carrier queen and her kittens) is required for effective transmission of the virus. The potential for transmission by insects is not known. Transmiss ...
A Structural Overview of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases from
... synthesis [43]. Note that not all RdRPs motifs exhibit high level of sequence conservation, even if they were originally identified based on sequence homology among a collection of viral species [30]. Based on known RdRP-RNA structures [26,44–46], Motif G runs approximately parallel to the template ...
... synthesis [43]. Note that not all RdRPs motifs exhibit high level of sequence conservation, even if they were originally identified based on sequence homology among a collection of viral species [30]. Based on known RdRP-RNA structures [26,44–46], Motif G runs approximately parallel to the template ...
Slide 1
... Causes severe illness in poultry and often death LPAI H5 or H7 virus subtypes can mutate into HPAI H5 or H7 virus subtypes Usually no symptoms or mild symptoms in wild birds ...
... Causes severe illness in poultry and often death LPAI H5 or H7 virus subtypes can mutate into HPAI H5 or H7 virus subtypes Usually no symptoms or mild symptoms in wild birds ...
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian
... can strike poultry quickly without any infection warning signs. Once established, the disease can spread rapidly from flock to flock (Anonymous, 2002). All 16 known influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes can be isolated in avian species. Only the H5 and H7 HA subtypes are considered to be hig ...
... can strike poultry quickly without any infection warning signs. Once established, the disease can spread rapidly from flock to flock (Anonymous, 2002). All 16 known influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes can be isolated in avian species. Only the H5 and H7 HA subtypes are considered to be hig ...
An Introduction to the Viruses
... most outstanding examples is the mimivirus. These are giants in the viral world, averaging about 500 nm in diameter and being readily visible with light microscopy—as large as small bacteria such as rickettsias and mycoplasmas (figure 6.2). They were first isolated as parasites of amebas (Acanthamoe ...
... most outstanding examples is the mimivirus. These are giants in the viral world, averaging about 500 nm in diameter and being readily visible with light microscopy—as large as small bacteria such as rickettsias and mycoplasmas (figure 6.2). They were first isolated as parasites of amebas (Acanthamoe ...
MDA Ch 18 PP
... • Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. Despite their tiny size, many viruses cause fatal diseases. • New and increasingly destructive viruses are being discovered and have caused the creation of a special area within microbiology called virology. • Viruses can live and multiply only inside an app ...
... • Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. Despite their tiny size, many viruses cause fatal diseases. • New and increasingly destructive viruses are being discovered and have caused the creation of a special area within microbiology called virology. • Viruses can live and multiply only inside an app ...
Oct 12 Lecture 12 Evolution of Virulence
... Many observations are consistent with the conventional wisdom: Legionnaire’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola fever, and SARS are consequences of human infection with symbionts of other species that have recently jumped into humans ...
... Many observations are consistent with the conventional wisdom: Legionnaire’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola fever, and SARS are consequences of human infection with symbionts of other species that have recently jumped into humans ...
Detecting Antibodies against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using an
... with the HI results. In non-vaccinated group OD was lower than cut off (0.196) in experimental ELISA. Also, the titer of HI test was parallel with the ELISAs results and was negative in this group during the observation period. The OD of ELISAs and HI titer increased slowly following live H120 vacci ...
... with the HI results. In non-vaccinated group OD was lower than cut off (0.196) in experimental ELISA. Also, the titer of HI test was parallel with the ELISAs results and was negative in this group during the observation period. The OD of ELISAs and HI titer increased slowly following live H120 vacci ...
PERSISTENCE DURATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODIES
... Knowledge of the duration of herd immunity after vaccination with the live attenuated RVF vaccine is essential in order to decide which vaccination strategy could be adopted. Different vaccination strategies to control RVF may be considered according to the situation of the disease. One strategy is ...
... Knowledge of the duration of herd immunity after vaccination with the live attenuated RVF vaccine is essential in order to decide which vaccination strategy could be adopted. Different vaccination strategies to control RVF may be considered according to the situation of the disease. One strategy is ...
Smallpox Eradication Story The story of the eradication of smallpox
... Native American population and helped to spread the disease among them. There is speculation that in the eighteenth century smallpox was used as a bioweapon against the Native American population by giving them blankets inoculated with the virus [5] . It would be impossible to account for the full n ...
... Native American population and helped to spread the disease among them. There is speculation that in the eighteenth century smallpox was used as a bioweapon against the Native American population by giving them blankets inoculated with the virus [5] . It would be impossible to account for the full n ...
Ebola virus-contaminated liquid waste
... deionized water (R2 > 0.91), but a fit better than that previously observed for Ebola virus in human blood (R2 < 0.29). The inactivation constant (k) was determined to be −1.08 when including the time zero time point and −0.35 when excluding the time zero time point. On the basis of the model fit, the ...
... deionized water (R2 > 0.91), but a fit better than that previously observed for Ebola virus in human blood (R2 < 0.29). The inactivation constant (k) was determined to be −1.08 when including the time zero time point and −0.35 when excluding the time zero time point. On the basis of the model fit, the ...
Immunisation against whooping cough during pregnancy
... adults to protect against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). Currently, women between 28–38 weeks of pregnancy are eligible for a free Boostrix® vaccine. You should have this current booster even if you had a childhood whooping cough vaccination, or one earlier than 5 ...
... adults to protect against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). Currently, women between 28–38 weeks of pregnancy are eligible for a free Boostrix® vaccine. You should have this current booster even if you had a childhood whooping cough vaccination, or one earlier than 5 ...
Pandemic Influenza
... It is generally believed that about half of the 2 billion people living on earth in 1918 became infected. At least 20 million people died. In the Unites states, 20 million flu cases were counted and about half a million people died. It is impossible to imagine the social misery and dislocation impli ...
... It is generally believed that about half of the 2 billion people living on earth in 1918 became infected. At least 20 million people died. In the Unites states, 20 million flu cases were counted and about half a million people died. It is impossible to imagine the social misery and dislocation impli ...
Avian and swine influenza viruses
... dreaded human pandemic due to a swinelike H1N1 influenza virus. But the vaccination campaign was rapidly halted because of safety issues and it turned out to be unnecessary. Until some 10 years ago, human infections with avian influenza (AI) viruses were considered rare events and it was thought tha ...
... dreaded human pandemic due to a swinelike H1N1 influenza virus. But the vaccination campaign was rapidly halted because of safety issues and it turned out to be unnecessary. Until some 10 years ago, human infections with avian influenza (AI) viruses were considered rare events and it was thought tha ...
Landscape Epidemiology of Vector
... boundaries (or ecotones) characterized by their distinct and diverse vegetative types, enhanced primary productivity, species diversity, and complex interactions (also referred to as the edge effect). Concurrent with the emergence of landscape ecology as a science, Pavloskiy proposed the concept of ...
... boundaries (or ecotones) characterized by their distinct and diverse vegetative types, enhanced primary productivity, species diversity, and complex interactions (also referred to as the edge effect). Concurrent with the emergence of landscape ecology as a science, Pavloskiy proposed the concept of ...
Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken
... combined with both Mycoplasma galisepticum and avian influenza virus subtype H9 and 25.71% of samples were positive to both IBV and AIV(H9).9 Mahmood et al. isolated infectious bronchitis virus from trachea and kidney tissues of eight broiler farms in Kurdistan region of North Iraq from 2008 to 2010 ...
... combined with both Mycoplasma galisepticum and avian influenza virus subtype H9 and 25.71% of samples were positive to both IBV and AIV(H9).9 Mahmood et al. isolated infectious bronchitis virus from trachea and kidney tissues of eight broiler farms in Kurdistan region of North Iraq from 2008 to 2010 ...
Prevention of FIP in Cat Shelters - Proceedings of the NAVC
... FIP is a major problem in cat shelters, and indeed for cats from any multicat environment. There is currently only one FIP vaccine, Primucell® which prevents 50-75% of FIP deaths. Since the vaccine is not 100% effective (and no vaccine is!) the main way to prevent FIP is to attempt to stop cats from ...
... FIP is a major problem in cat shelters, and indeed for cats from any multicat environment. There is currently only one FIP vaccine, Primucell® which prevents 50-75% of FIP deaths. Since the vaccine is not 100% effective (and no vaccine is!) the main way to prevent FIP is to attempt to stop cats from ...
Hepatitis Disease
... Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Hepatitis B can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B virus infection is a short-term illness that ...
... Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Hepatitis B can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B virus infection is a short-term illness that ...
Quantities of infectious virus and viral RNA recovered from sheep
... was made according to Alexandersen et al. (2001) and Oleksiewicz et al. (2001). The assay method was similar to that used previously (Alexandersen et al., 2001 ; Oleksiewicz et al., 2001) except that the primers and the probe (patent pending) were altered so that the assay was able to detect all iso ...
... was made according to Alexandersen et al. (2001) and Oleksiewicz et al. (2001). The assay method was similar to that used previously (Alexandersen et al., 2001 ; Oleksiewicz et al., 2001) except that the primers and the probe (patent pending) were altered so that the assay was able to detect all iso ...
The biology of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1)
... vaccines. Vaccines are used to reduce the severity of disease, but cannot always prevent infection due to the endemic nature of BoHV-1 infection (Fenner et al. 1993). There are two vaccines registered for use in Australia: Rhinogard (live BoHV-1.2b strain V155); and IBEPUR, a subunit vaccine (APVMA ...
... vaccines. Vaccines are used to reduce the severity of disease, but cannot always prevent infection due to the endemic nature of BoHV-1 infection (Fenner et al. 1993). There are two vaccines registered for use in Australia: Rhinogard (live BoHV-1.2b strain V155); and IBEPUR, a subunit vaccine (APVMA ...