Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): A review emphasizing on Iran perspective
... The clinical offering of a BVDV infection is based on viral strain and the animal’s immune and reproductive position at the time of infection (Givens et al., 2012; Rodninga et al., 2012). Acute infections of cattle happen especially in young animals, and may be clinically in apparent or linked with ...
... The clinical offering of a BVDV infection is based on viral strain and the animal’s immune and reproductive position at the time of infection (Givens et al., 2012; Rodninga et al., 2012). Acute infections of cattle happen especially in young animals, and may be clinically in apparent or linked with ...
How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption
... flat, the surface area of the small intestine would be about the size of a baseball infield, or approximately 675 square feet. This large mass of tissue requires a high level of nutrients for maintenance. Much of this need (50% in the small intestine and 80% in the large intestine) is met by foods t ...
... flat, the surface area of the small intestine would be about the size of a baseball infield, or approximately 675 square feet. This large mass of tissue requires a high level of nutrients for maintenance. Much of this need (50% in the small intestine and 80% in the large intestine) is met by foods t ...
Lecture 3- constipation and IBS
... the gut, This favors the formation of the nonabsorbable NH4+ from NH3, trapping NH3 in the colon and reducing its back diffusion into ...
... the gut, This favors the formation of the nonabsorbable NH4+ from NH3, trapping NH3 in the colon and reducing its back diffusion into ...
Vibrio Illnesses After Hurricane Katrina
... Although these organisms and those that cause cholera are grouped together under the genus Vibrio, they cause distinctly different illnesses. In the United States, noncholeragenic Vibrio usually are either foodborne, (e.g., resulting from eating raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters, or ...
... Although these organisms and those that cause cholera are grouped together under the genus Vibrio, they cause distinctly different illnesses. In the United States, noncholeragenic Vibrio usually are either foodborne, (e.g., resulting from eating raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters, or ...
Probiotics and Allergy
... management. The modern view on probiotic therapy is based on specific effects of clearly defined strains. ...
... management. The modern view on probiotic therapy is based on specific effects of clearly defined strains. ...
Travel-acquired infections and illnesses in Canadians: surveillance
... Competing interests: From 2008 to 2009, Andrea Boggild served as a medical consultant to Shoreland Inc. In the past 2 years, Michael Libman has served on the advisory board of Sanofi Pasteur. In the past 5 years, Brian Ward has served as the medical officer for Medicago Inc., has held investigator-i ...
... Competing interests: From 2008 to 2009, Andrea Boggild served as a medical consultant to Shoreland Inc. In the past 2 years, Michael Libman has served on the advisory board of Sanofi Pasteur. In the past 5 years, Brian Ward has served as the medical officer for Medicago Inc., has held investigator-i ...
Microscopic Colitis (Lymphocytic Colitis and
... colitis represent different stages of the same disease. The inflammation and the collagen probably interfere with absorption of water from the colon, and cause the diarrhea. ...
... colitis represent different stages of the same disease. The inflammation and the collagen probably interfere with absorption of water from the colon, and cause the diarrhea. ...
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
... Malabsorption - fat Steatorrhea- fat travels undigested and malabsorbed , ADEK a concern, worry about kidney stones Fat-soluble vitamins malabsorbed Potential for excess oxalate(kidney stones) Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea Dg; fecal fat test or D-xylose absorption test, or small bow ...
... Malabsorption - fat Steatorrhea- fat travels undigested and malabsorbed , ADEK a concern, worry about kidney stones Fat-soluble vitamins malabsorbed Potential for excess oxalate(kidney stones) Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea Dg; fecal fat test or D-xylose absorption test, or small bow ...
Prevention of Campylobacter - e
... occurs through contact with animals and their products, such as avian meat and raw milk, consumption of contaminated meat not sufficiently cooked. Often, contaminations occur indirectly in the kitchen through stoves or other kitchen ware utilised first for raw meat and after for other food. Symptoms ...
... occurs through contact with animals and their products, such as avian meat and raw milk, consumption of contaminated meat not sufficiently cooked. Often, contaminations occur indirectly in the kitchen through stoves or other kitchen ware utilised first for raw meat and after for other food. Symptoms ...
Protozoan Parasites
... intestine & results in decreased intestinal enzyme activity (e.g. disaccharidases) & malabsorption of nutrients (glucose especially), electrolytes & water → results in increased intestinal motility of digesta (or ‘decreased transit time’) - in some animals, enterocyte injury by the parasite disrupti ...
... intestine & results in decreased intestinal enzyme activity (e.g. disaccharidases) & malabsorption of nutrients (glucose especially), electrolytes & water → results in increased intestinal motility of digesta (or ‘decreased transit time’) - in some animals, enterocyte injury by the parasite disrupti ...
Probiotic Blends
... ratio of good to bad bacteria, causing common problems such as excessive gas, bloating, diarrhea, intestinal toxicity, constipation and poor absorption of nutrients. It is important to replenish the supply of healthy bacteria on a daily basis. In this way, you can prevent disease-causing micro-organ ...
... ratio of good to bad bacteria, causing common problems such as excessive gas, bloating, diarrhea, intestinal toxicity, constipation and poor absorption of nutrients. It is important to replenish the supply of healthy bacteria on a daily basis. In this way, you can prevent disease-causing micro-organ ...
Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
... Side effects: ü Metrondiazole – metallic taste ü Clarithromycin – nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps ü Amoxelline - nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps Gastrointestinal Pharmacology ...
... Side effects: ü Metrondiazole – metallic taste ü Clarithromycin – nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps ü Amoxelline - nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps Gastrointestinal Pharmacology ...
Infectious diseases following natural disasters
... struck [108] . The existing poor sanitary and living conditions were exacerbated by the earthquake and furthermore by a hurricane, contributing to the rapid spread of imported Vibrio cholerae in an immunologically naive and highly susceptible population [16] . Diarrheal epidemics are frequently repo ...
... struck [108] . The existing poor sanitary and living conditions were exacerbated by the earthquake and furthermore by a hurricane, contributing to the rapid spread of imported Vibrio cholerae in an immunologically naive and highly susceptible population [16] . Diarrheal epidemics are frequently repo ...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Imaging Modalities of Crohn`s Disease
... Plain films examine the abdominal portion of the body that can help reveal certain complications of inflammatory bowel disease. These radiogrpahs can show a small bowel obstruction, obstruction and dilation of the large bowel which can occur with Crohn’s Disease, and toxic mega colon that occurs wit ...
... Plain films examine the abdominal portion of the body that can help reveal certain complications of inflammatory bowel disease. These radiogrpahs can show a small bowel obstruction, obstruction and dilation of the large bowel which can occur with Crohn’s Disease, and toxic mega colon that occurs wit ...
Diarrhoea in cattle
... • The toxins cause severe inflammation of the intestinal lining (enteritis) and can lead to death within hours. A less severe form of the disease is usually characterised by diarrhoea accompanied by progressive dehydration. • Colibacillosis lasts 2 to 4 days and its severity depends on the age of t ...
... • The toxins cause severe inflammation of the intestinal lining (enteritis) and can lead to death within hours. A less severe form of the disease is usually characterised by diarrhoea accompanied by progressive dehydration. • Colibacillosis lasts 2 to 4 days and its severity depends on the age of t ...
medical mysteries - Web Adventures
... The mission begins on the Arora II Spacecraft. An urgent transmission is coming in from Alpha, the Reconstructor Leader. He tells the student that he/she must terminate the repair mission of Eureka, the medical bot, and head to Prokaryon. A recent earthquake in the Eastern province has sent a flood ...
... The mission begins on the Arora II Spacecraft. An urgent transmission is coming in from Alpha, the Reconstructor Leader. He tells the student that he/she must terminate the repair mission of Eureka, the medical bot, and head to Prokaryon. A recent earthquake in the Eastern province has sent a flood ...
Lactobacillus fermentum PCC
... (breast fed infants). •With the introduction of other foods, a diverse microbial population develops in the gastrointestinal tract. •By now, of all the cells in a human body, the overwhelming majority are non-human. ...
... (breast fed infants). •With the introduction of other foods, a diverse microbial population develops in the gastrointestinal tract. •By now, of all the cells in a human body, the overwhelming majority are non-human. ...
What is an E. Coli Infection? Escherichia coli commonly abbreviated
... Several different strains of harmful E. coli can cause diarrhea disease. A particularly dangerous type is called enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or EHEC. EHEC often causes bloody diarrhea and can lead to kidney failure in children or people with weakened immune systems. In 1982, scientists identified the ...
... Several different strains of harmful E. coli can cause diarrhea disease. A particularly dangerous type is called enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or EHEC. EHEC often causes bloody diarrhea and can lead to kidney failure in children or people with weakened immune systems. In 1982, scientists identified the ...
Bacterial Foodborne Diseases
... conditions, growth occurs between 30 and 45°C. They grow at pH values 4.9-8.0, but prefer pH 6.57.5. As they are sensitive to drying, Campylobacter require an aw above 0.912 (ICMSF, 1996; Lund et al., 2000). Campylobacteriosis may result from ingestion of as few as 500 cells. Symptoms appear within ...
... conditions, growth occurs between 30 and 45°C. They grow at pH values 4.9-8.0, but prefer pH 6.57.5. As they are sensitive to drying, Campylobacter require an aw above 0.912 (ICMSF, 1996; Lund et al., 2000). Campylobacteriosis may result from ingestion of as few as 500 cells. Symptoms appear within ...
Saccharomyces boulardiiIs Not Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... in numbers of immunosuppressed hosts, there has been a dramatic increase in reports of invasive diseases caused by Saccharomyces species.. . . These diseases include fungemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and infections of the urinary tract and skin in elderly, debilitated, or compromised patients . . . ...
... in numbers of immunosuppressed hosts, there has been a dramatic increase in reports of invasive diseases caused by Saccharomyces species.. . . These diseases include fungemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and infections of the urinary tract and skin in elderly, debilitated, or compromised patients . . . ...
Lesson 1 Infectious Diseases
... that can cure a viral infection, medicines only treat the symptoms of the diseases. Rest, a well-balanced diet and plenty of fluids help to shorten the life of some viruses in the body. See pages 560-561, Illustration of the stages of the Flu Slide 14 of 8 ...
... that can cure a viral infection, medicines only treat the symptoms of the diseases. Rest, a well-balanced diet and plenty of fluids help to shorten the life of some viruses in the body. See pages 560-561, Illustration of the stages of the Flu Slide 14 of 8 ...
CFREP - QTR Review Presentation Template
... – Enteric pathogens from food and water are the number one cause of non-battle injuries – Incidence of diarrhea among warfighter’s results in lost workdays and decreased abilities to perform their duties and could have a significant impact on overall troop performance and ...
... – Enteric pathogens from food and water are the number one cause of non-battle injuries – Incidence of diarrhea among warfighter’s results in lost workdays and decreased abilities to perform their duties and could have a significant impact on overall troop performance and ...
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
... Steatorrhea: loose lipid fatty stools Fat-soluble vitamins malabsorbed: ADEK Potential for excess oxalate: kidney stones Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea Dg; fecal fat test or D-xylose absorption test- to test how well the body is absorbing simple sugars (depends on the length of the c ...
... Steatorrhea: loose lipid fatty stools Fat-soluble vitamins malabsorbed: ADEK Potential for excess oxalate: kidney stones Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea Dg; fecal fat test or D-xylose absorption test- to test how well the body is absorbing simple sugars (depends on the length of the c ...
breaking the vicious cycle
... mucus produced by the intestinal cells can prevent contact between the microvilli enzymes and the disaccharides lactose, sucrose, maltose, and isomaltose. In addition, irritating or toxic substances produced by yeast, bacteria, or parasites which have invaded the small intestinal tract can cause dam ...
... mucus produced by the intestinal cells can prevent contact between the microvilli enzymes and the disaccharides lactose, sucrose, maltose, and isomaltose. In addition, irritating or toxic substances produced by yeast, bacteria, or parasites which have invaded the small intestinal tract can cause dam ...
Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and changes in personality. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non watery stools in babies who are breastfed, however, may be normal.The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfeed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.