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... PossWin(X) then {block H} Go (PossWin(X)) else Go (Make_2) Move 5: {By now computer has played 2 chances} If PossWin(X) then {won} Go(PossWin(X)) else {block H} if PossWin(O) then Go(PossWin(O)) else if B[7] is blank then Go(7) else Go(3) Move 6: {By now both have played 2 chances} If PossWin(O) the ...
rook endings - Free State Chess
rook endings - Free State Chess

... Rook endings quite frequently in apparently clear and very simple positions, contain deeply hidden subtleties, as shown by the two following examples: Black to move, White wins Black cannot stop his opponent’s Pawn by Ra8, because of the reply Rh8. Therefore his only move is: 1...Ra6+ 2.Kd5 Rg6 [2.. ...
FirstSemesterSummaryGuidelines
FirstSemesterSummaryGuidelines

... be written over, and I wrote text files for each piece-square table. Currently the piece-square tables have all 1’s as there values, but this is necessary to make sure that the program starts out not being very effective, otherwise there would be no point in having it learn. HOW IT WORKS This projec ...
CONTENT 1 game board, 32 chess pieces. AIM OF THE
CONTENT 1 game board, 32 chess pieces. AIM OF THE

... Chess is a game for two players, one with white pieces and one with black. The object is to capture your opponent’s King. At the beginning the pieces are set up as shown in picture 1. THE PIECES AND HOW THEY MOVE White always moves first and then players take turns moving. Only one piece may be move ...
Chess Rules
Chess Rules

1

Zugzwang

Zugzwang (German for ""compulsion to move"", pronounced [ˈtsuːktsvaŋ]) is a situation found in chess and other games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because they must make a move when they would prefer to pass and not move. The fact that the player is compelled to move means that his position will become significantly weaker. A player is said to be ""in zugzwang"" when any possible move will worsen his position.The term is also used in combinatorial game theory, where it means that it directly changes the outcome of the game from a win to a loss, but the term is used less precisely in games such as chess. Putting the opponent in zugzwang is a common way to help the superior side win a game, and in some cases, it is necessary in order to make the win possible.The term ""zugzwang"" was used in German chess literature in 1858 or earlier, and the first known use of the term in English was by World Champion Emanuel Lasker in 1905. The concept of zugzwang was known to players many centuries before the term was coined, appearing in an endgame study published in 1604 by Alessandro Salvio, one of the first writers on the game, and in shatranj studies dating back to the early 9th century, over 1000 years before the first known use of the term.Positions with zugzwang occur fairly often in chess endgames. According to John Nunn, positions of reciprocal zugzwang are surprisingly important in the analysis of endgames.
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