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RUBOXISTAURIN – A PROMISING THERAPY FOR DIABETIC
RUBOXISTAURIN – A PROMISING THERAPY FOR DIABETIC

... erythromycin, verapamil, protease inhibitors and grape juice. Ruboxistaurin and its Ndesmethyl metabolite are found to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and there is chance for drug interaction when drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 like tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibito ...
Medicated Chewing Gum: A Novel Drug Delivery
Medicated Chewing Gum: A Novel Drug Delivery

... gum did not gain acceptance as a reliable drug delivery system until 1978, when nicotine chewing gum became available. In 1991, Chewing Gum was approved as a term for pharmaceutical dosage form by the commission of European Council. Moreover, there is need of reformulation of existing drug into New ...
Drugs - DBDD
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Preservation of post-transplant lung function with aerosol cyclosporin
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IRTRA® Combination Tablets LD/HD
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The diffusion of Performance and Image
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... Piracetam as a cognitive enhancer for non-medical purposes I am studying spanish right now pretty intensely, and piracetam is one of many among my supplement arsenal. I can tell you that it is much easier for me to memorize vocab and verbs. Also, I am becoming more and more fluent by the day. I beli ...
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... compounds, which have useful biological activities. Heterocycles containing the thiazole moiety are present in many natural products such as bleomycin, epothilone A, lyngbyabellin A and dolastatin. Due to their important pharmaceutical utilities, the synthesis of these compounds is of considerable i ...
A conformationally restricted uniconazole analogue as a specific
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Analysis Reveals that CPX-351 Shifts the Exposure of Cytarabine
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... delivers the drugs in vivo at a 5:1 molar ratio shown to be synergistic preclinically. Clinically, CPX-351 has provided evidence of promising improvements in patient outcomes, most notably in elderly newly diagnosed high risk (secondary) AML and in unfavorable risk first relapse adult AML where stat ...
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, karnataka
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, karnataka

... animals in each group. The groups will be treated with suitable doses of Ipomoea reniformis or the standard. 60 minutes after the treatment with Ipomoea reniformis, animals will be injected with subcutaneous doses of pilocarpine. Then the animals will be placed individually in a large glass cylinder ...
Vasoconstrictors: Myths and Realities
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Effects of Social Interaction and Warm Ambient

... 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) are new drugs of abuse that have gained worldwide popularity. These drugs are structurally similar to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and share many of its physiological and behavioral effects in humans, i ...
Effect of compression force, humidity and disintegrant concentration
Effect of compression force, humidity and disintegrant concentration

... Marais et al Introduction For tablets containing sparingly watersoluble drugs, the start of dissolution is often delayed by the poor wettability of the tablet surface and/or slow liquid penetration into the tablet matrix. This property causes increased disintegration time and retarded drug release ...
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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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