• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
NANO­SUSPENSION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW  Review Artice    PRASANNA LAKSHMI*
NANO­SUSPENSION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW  Review Artice    PRASANNA LAKSHMI*

... Apart  from  the  use  of  emulsion  as  drug  delivering  vehicle  they  can  also  be  used  as  templates  to  produce  nanosuspension.  The  use  of  emulsions as templates is applicable for those drugs that are soluble  in either volatile organic solvent or partially water‐miscible solvent.  Su ...
PREPARATION AND SOLID STATE CHARACTERIZATION OF SIMVASTATIN
PREPARATION AND SOLID STATE CHARACTERIZATION OF SIMVASTATIN

... Approximately, 30 % of formulations and 40 % of new chemical entities entering into market had too low aqueous solubility or poor oral bioavailability [3]. Thus, one of the major current challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry involves the development of strategies to improve the aqueous solub ...
Chemistry of Life
Chemistry of Life

... 4. Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as __________________________. a. They are identified by their __________________________. b. Because they have the same number of electrons, all ___________________ of an element have the same chemical _______ ...
Syllabus
Syllabus

... 2.To observe burning of sulphur powder and testing chemical nature of product. 3. To study reaction of sodium metal in water. 4. To study reaction of metals and non metals with acids. ...
Targeted Chemical Libraries
Targeted Chemical Libraries

... 1.  Targeted Chemical Libraries  This chapter addresses both technical and strategic issues germane to the synthesis of chemical  libraries that are targeted in nature.  What makes a library targeted versus not–targeted has  not been clearly delineated in the literature (and is somewhat subjective) ...
Computers_in_chemistry - University of St Andrews
Computers_in_chemistry - University of St Andrews

... • Nonetheless, theoretical chemistry is expensive • Often cost scales as the fourth power of molecule size Scaling of the Expense of a Typical Quantum Chemical Calculation ...
Botanical Substances in Western Medicine
Botanical Substances in Western Medicine

... History of Herbal Medicine Use in the U.S. • Economic factors contributed to the demise of herbal drugs in the US: – Herbal drugs were seldom the focus of research and development by pharmaceutical companies, because they typically represented little opportunity for financial gain » often difficult ...
Full Topic List
Full Topic List

... The Pain Patch is indicated for the management of severe, chronic pain (such as cancer pain) that cannot be managed with less powerful drugs. If the medication leaks out of the patch, exposure to the medication can result in inadvertent ingestion or increased transdermal absorption of the active opi ...
Essay B5 Chem 151 Professor Whitesell Amphetamines Honestly
Essay B5 Chem 151 Professor Whitesell Amphetamines Honestly

... infamous, Rudy Eugene, a Miami man whom in was the perpetrator in the cannibalistic attack of a homeless man in 2012. Eugene was suspected to be high on a new synthetic street drug known as “Bath Salts” for their resemblance to aromatic salts. So what do these four people all have in common? Well, t ...
Drug Facts Sheet Hydrocodone
Drug Facts Sheet Hydrocodone

... Hydrocodone is the most frequently prescribed opioid in the United States and is associated with more drug abuse and diversion than any other licit or illicit opioid. It is an orally active agent most frequently prescribed for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. It’s analgesic poten ...
Medication Adherence * Improving Home Medication
Medication Adherence * Improving Home Medication

... muscular dystrophy which affect such small numbers of individuals residing in the United States that the diseases and conditions are considered rare in the United States; (2) adequate drugs for many of such diseases and conditions have not been developed; (3) drugs for these diseases and conditions ...
national publications
national publications

... Abstract: The ethyl acetate extract of the Bangladeshi mango mistletoe (Loranthus globosus Roxb.) bark was found to be most effective against both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and it also showed good cytotoxicity with a LC50 10.83 g/ml. 7. Hossain, M.S., Hossain, A., Islam, R., Alam, A. ...
Chapter 4 - U of L Class Index
Chapter 4 - U of L Class Index

... substance by subjecting it to chemical reactions and analyzing the resulting products. (What are they? How much of each was made?) Generally, we must already know which elements the unknown contains in order to choose the best reactions. Quantitative analysis is essentially ‘stoichiometry backwards’ ...
Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

... of the less water-soluble free base occurs. The key point to remember about basicity of amines is the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. If the lone pair is involved in interactions elsewhere in the molecule, then the amine will not be basic. This can be illustrated by ...
Paul G. King Consulting
Paul G. King Consulting

... United States or used to make a drug product distributed in the United States carry the manufacturer’s written certification that said API was produced under CGMP by the accepted manufacturer.] FUNDAMENTAL CONCERNS REGARDING “INORGANIC” “ORGANOMETALLIC” COMPOUNDS ...
Chem Bonding Notes
Chem Bonding Notes

... (1) ionic and is formed by the sharing of two valence electrons (2) ionic and is formed by the transfer of two valence electrons (3) covalent and is formed by the sharing of two valence electrons (4) covalent and is formed by the transfer of two valence electrons ...
Import Workshop Atlanta Consolidated Compliance
Import Workshop Atlanta Consolidated Compliance

... • Certain claims may cause a product to be considered a drug, even if the product is marketed as a cosmetic. Erase dark spots, clears acne, skin retraction • Ingredients that may cause a product to be considered a drug because they have a well known therapeutic use. An example is fluoride in toothpa ...
Scientific Notation, Measurements, and
Scientific Notation, Measurements, and

... Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. It is a calculation of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in the substance. Scientists theorize that at absolute zero, or –273.15oC, particle motion stops and that no more energy can be removed from the object. So this is the ...
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND

... separated using suitable method (e.g. by centrifugation method). The resulting solution is then separated and supernatant liquid is collected. The collected supernatant is then diluted as specified and estimated using appropriate method as described in monograph of that particular drug. [37, 38-41] ...
120CH05 - Louisiana Tech University
120CH05 - Louisiana Tech University

... • From the ____________________!!! • If I write amu after these nos. it implies that I have the mass of ______ atom of that element (in amu). • But 3.27 x 10-22 g is too small an amt to work with in the lab. • What to do? • Scale up to quantities that we can handle by ...
Using SAS Software in Pharmacoepidemiological Research: Identifying Epidsodes of Drug Use and Determining Average Daily Dose
Using SAS Software in Pharmacoepidemiological Research: Identifying Epidsodes of Drug Use and Determining Average Daily Dose

... hand. you might want to implement a rule that says all episodes end on some fixed number of days after the last dispensing. ...
N EW ETTER Asomex® by Emcure
N EW ETTER Asomex® by Emcure

... these about half are mixtures of enantiomers rather than single enantiomers. It is critical to distinguish the single enantiomer drug from the racemic form because they may differ in their dosages, efficacies, side effect profiles or even indicated use. The two enantiomers of a chiral drug may also ...
Welcome to Week 3 Chapter 6 - Blood and Drug Transport 6.1
Welcome to Week 3 Chapter 6 - Blood and Drug Transport 6.1

... Background: Most major drugs are delivered orally.  Establishing how well a drug can be absorbed  from a pill form requires considerable experimentation.  Fortunately, simple methods have been  developed to visually inspect a molecule and make a crude prediction of a compound's potential to  be used ...
Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

... only C, H, (and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “burning”  If the combustion is complete, the products will be CO2 and H2O.  If the combustion is incomplete, the products will be CO (or possibly just C) and H2O. ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... Nanoparticles are small colloidal particles which are made of non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymers. Their diameter is generally around 200 nm. The two types of nanoparticles are nanospheres, which are matrix systems; and nanocapsules, which are reservoir systems composed of a polymer membran ...
< 1 ... 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 ... 707 >

Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report