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Controlled Drugs - Administration And Management Of Procedure
Controlled Drugs - Administration And Management Of Procedure

... Each entry for the administration of a Controlled Drug in the register must be signed by two (2) Registered nurses or 1 Registered nurse and 1 Pharmacist: the nurse who administered the Controlled Drug and the nurse or pharmacist who supervised and checked the administration of the Controlled Drug. ...
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Chapter 12, Hallucinogens PowerPoint
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Problem-Based Clinical Cases Increase the Level of Pharmacology
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... to grow. There are numerous known and potential interactions with psychotropic drugs, and many of them do not have clinically significant consequences. Most clinically important interactions involve drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index (a small difference between the therapeutic and toxic conc ...
Curriculum vitae - Bioengineering | Northeastern University
Curriculum vitae - Bioengineering | Northeastern University

... size, electric charge, hydrophobicity, and other specific binding interactions to design polypeptide based carriers for targeting connective tissues. We use both experiments and theoretical transport models to rationally design nano-carriers for delivery of wide range of biological entities includin ...
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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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