Quality Assurance and Quality Control of 18 F-FDG
... Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging modality involving the use of a unique type of radiopharmaceutical drug product. The majority of PET drug products are injected intravenously into patients for diagnostic purposes. Most PET drugs are produced using cyclotrons at locations that ...
... Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging modality involving the use of a unique type of radiopharmaceutical drug product. The majority of PET drug products are injected intravenously into patients for diagnostic purposes. Most PET drugs are produced using cyclotrons at locations that ...
Choose the Only FDA-approved Hyaluronidase
... larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect, since these drugs apparently render tissues partly resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Edema has been reported most frequently in association with subcutaneous fluid administration. The rate and volume of subcutaneous fluid admi ...
... larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect, since these drugs apparently render tissues partly resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Edema has been reported most frequently in association with subcutaneous fluid administration. The rate and volume of subcutaneous fluid admi ...
Chemical Reactions
... Plastics, synthetic fabrics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, all of which are very much a part of modern society, are each produced as a result of our knowledge and understanding of chemical reactions. These products illustrate the value of chemicals and the reactions that pro ...
... Plastics, synthetic fabrics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, all of which are very much a part of modern society, are each produced as a result of our knowledge and understanding of chemical reactions. These products illustrate the value of chemicals and the reactions that pro ...
PhD thesis
... sertraline. The evaluation was performed using both “compound by compound” testing and “effect based” testing. Based on the results a testing strategy for including metabolites in in‐vitro screening was drawn up. Three of the compounds identified as inhibitors of aromatase were furthe ...
... sertraline. The evaluation was performed using both “compound by compound” testing and “effect based” testing. Based on the results a testing strategy for including metabolites in in‐vitro screening was drawn up. Three of the compounds identified as inhibitors of aromatase were furthe ...
Wilhelm Ostwald, the Father of Physical Chemistry
... the early part of his research career, he investigated the chemical affinities of various acids and bases. Subsequently, he broadened his horizons and performed path-breaking work in the field of chemical catalysis. An outcome of this work was the famous Ostwald process which continues to be a mainsta ...
... the early part of his research career, he investigated the chemical affinities of various acids and bases. Subsequently, he broadened his horizons and performed path-breaking work in the field of chemical catalysis. An outcome of this work was the famous Ostwald process which continues to be a mainsta ...
Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug
... Acquisition and performance of drug seeking – pavlovian and instrumental processes There is now abundant evidence showing that limbic cortical–ventral striatal circuitry mediates pavlovian influences on appetitive behaviour, including drug seeking (Everitt et al., 1999; Robbins et al., 2008). The bas ...
... Acquisition and performance of drug seeking – pavlovian and instrumental processes There is now abundant evidence showing that limbic cortical–ventral striatal circuitry mediates pavlovian influences on appetitive behaviour, including drug seeking (Everitt et al., 1999; Robbins et al., 2008). The bas ...
Selective Inhibition of Human Solute Carrier Transporters by
... 138 nCi); OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 ([3H]MPP+ 100 nM, 98.5 nCi); OCTN1 ([3H]L-ergothioneine 5 mM, 40.8 nCi); and OCTN2 ([14C]L-carnitine 5 mM, 6.72 nCi). MKIs were added to confluent cells in dimethylsulfoxide (0.1% final concentration), and uptake was terminated after 8 minutes by rapidly washing the ce ...
... 138 nCi); OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 ([3H]MPP+ 100 nM, 98.5 nCi); OCTN1 ([3H]L-ergothioneine 5 mM, 40.8 nCi); and OCTN2 ([14C]L-carnitine 5 mM, 6.72 nCi). MKIs were added to confluent cells in dimethylsulfoxide (0.1% final concentration), and uptake was terminated after 8 minutes by rapidly washing the ce ...
Potential antimicrobial agents for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
... active when the population of M. tuberculosis has switched its genetic programme to a quiescent, dormant phenotype. These persisters provide the major challenge for the immune system as well as for drug treatment to achieve sterility [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.5% of al ...
... active when the population of M. tuberculosis has switched its genetic programme to a quiescent, dormant phenotype. These persisters provide the major challenge for the immune system as well as for drug treatment to achieve sterility [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.5% of al ...
Chapter 17: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
... sends it back. The smell of the amine called trimethylamine let him know that it was spoiled. The number of natural and synthetic organic, or carbon-based, compounds runs into the millions. Fortunately, the task of studying them is not so daunting as their number would suggest, because organic compo ...
... sends it back. The smell of the amine called trimethylamine let him know that it was spoiled. The number of natural and synthetic organic, or carbon-based, compounds runs into the millions. Fortunately, the task of studying them is not so daunting as their number would suggest, because organic compo ...
What is oseltamivir (Tamiflu )? What is influenza? Why is influenza a
... Oseltamivir is excreted through the kidneys so people with reduced kidney function will have higher levels of this drug. However, the drug is very safe; an increase in levels does not increase the risk of adverse events. This does not mean that residents need to have a creatinine clearance estimated ...
... Oseltamivir is excreted through the kidneys so people with reduced kidney function will have higher levels of this drug. However, the drug is very safe; an increase in levels does not increase the risk of adverse events. This does not mean that residents need to have a creatinine clearance estimated ...
Regeneron and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical
... treatment of human diseases. Regeneron is pleased to include The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in this program and plans to continue to expand Academic VIP to include other leading universities and research institutes." About VelocImmune and the Regeneron VelociSuite of Technologie ...
... treatment of human diseases. Regeneron is pleased to include The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in this program and plans to continue to expand Academic VIP to include other leading universities and research institutes." About VelocImmune and the Regeneron VelociSuite of Technologie ...
Identifying producers of antibacterial compounds by
... Natural products from microbes, and the actinomycetes in particular, have been the sources of some of the most important antimicrobial drug classes, including the β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, rifamycins and glycopeptides. Indeed, four-fifths of antibiotic scaffolds approved ...
... Natural products from microbes, and the actinomycetes in particular, have been the sources of some of the most important antimicrobial drug classes, including the β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, rifamycins and glycopeptides. Indeed, four-fifths of antibiotic scaffolds approved ...
Ocular Toxicology and Pharmacology
... changes, can be marked), macular crystals/ macular drusen/yellow spots in the macula – Interferon: Retinopathy (hemorrhages and CWS’ without decreased vision and/or ischemia without symptoms), macular edema (with vision loss). May resolve with cessation of Rx ...
... changes, can be marked), macular crystals/ macular drusen/yellow spots in the macula – Interferon: Retinopathy (hemorrhages and CWS’ without decreased vision and/or ischemia without symptoms), macular edema (with vision loss). May resolve with cessation of Rx ...
3.4: Speeding up the response: A global review of the harm
... of these changes in humans are not yet clear.27 They appear to cause depression in some people and to have negative effects on memory, attention and other cognitive functions, although cessation of use may result in a return to more normal neurotransmitter function.27 High doses of amphetamines can ...
... of these changes in humans are not yet clear.27 They appear to cause depression in some people and to have negative effects on memory, attention and other cognitive functions, although cessation of use may result in a return to more normal neurotransmitter function.27 High doses of amphetamines can ...
Document 2 - Dania Beach e
... taken place within the City of Dania Beach and may further spread within the City if remedial action is not taken; and WHEREAS, synthetic cannabinoids, commonly known as synthetic marijuana, are chemically engineered substances, similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijua ...
... taken place within the City of Dania Beach and may further spread within the City if remedial action is not taken; and WHEREAS, synthetic cannabinoids, commonly known as synthetic marijuana, are chemically engineered substances, similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijua ...
LTD/1829
... The notified chemical will be used as a fragrance ingredient and incorporated into a variety of cosmetic and household products (at proposed usage concentrations of ≤ 0.01% in leave-on cosmetic products and ≤ 0.1% in rinse-off cosmetics and household products). OPERATION DESCRIPTION The notified che ...
... The notified chemical will be used as a fragrance ingredient and incorporated into a variety of cosmetic and household products (at proposed usage concentrations of ≤ 0.01% in leave-on cosmetic products and ≤ 0.1% in rinse-off cosmetics and household products). OPERATION DESCRIPTION The notified che ...
Comparing Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
... • The higher rate of adverse events in Avastin groups, without a typical doseresponse relationship and in organ systems not targeted by the drug, remains unexplained. It may be that the difference was the result of chance, unobserved differences in the groups at baseline, or truly higher risk. Resu ...
... • The higher rate of adverse events in Avastin groups, without a typical doseresponse relationship and in organ systems not targeted by the drug, remains unexplained. It may be that the difference was the result of chance, unobserved differences in the groups at baseline, or truly higher risk. Resu ...
Complementary Medicine in Allergy and Immunology
... a. The literature on herbal remedies for allergic rhinitis is extensive because of the large variety of herbs and their combinations. Some of the most known and most commonly used herbs for allergic rhinitis and asthma are listed in Tables 22-1A and 22-1B. In general, the studies with herbal remedie ...
... a. The literature on herbal remedies for allergic rhinitis is extensive because of the large variety of herbs and their combinations. Some of the most known and most commonly used herbs for allergic rhinitis and asthma are listed in Tables 22-1A and 22-1B. In general, the studies with herbal remedie ...
Oils that contain Oxides
... shortness of breath and have an anti-inflammatory effect on bronchial asthma (see safety considerations). ...
... shortness of breath and have an anti-inflammatory effect on bronchial asthma (see safety considerations). ...
Iboga and Ibogaine - From Forest to Lab
... National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for ibogaine. •Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ibogaine HCl in Rats. •32 Day Range-Finding Study of Ibogaine in Rats. •Dose Response Neurotoxicity Study of Ibogaine in Rats. •Dose Response Effect of Ibogaine on Analgesia and Mortality in Morphine-Dependent Rats. ...
... National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for ibogaine. •Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ibogaine HCl in Rats. •32 Day Range-Finding Study of Ibogaine in Rats. •Dose Response Neurotoxicity Study of Ibogaine in Rats. •Dose Response Effect of Ibogaine on Analgesia and Mortality in Morphine-Dependent Rats. ...
patrick_ch12
... • If reaction goes to completion, optimum time is often the time required to reach completion • If reaction reaches equilibrium, optimum time is often the time required to reach equilibrium • However, optimum time may not be the same as the time to reach completion or equilibrium if side reactions t ...
... • If reaction goes to completion, optimum time is often the time required to reach completion • If reaction reaches equilibrium, optimum time is often the time required to reach equilibrium • However, optimum time may not be the same as the time to reach completion or equilibrium if side reactions t ...
BERBERIS ARISTATA TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
... rifampicin, isoniazid etc. used in medical therapy. Hepatotoxic drugs can injure the hepatocyte by generating free-radical or metabolic intermediate that causes peroxidation of lipid membrane resulting in liver cell injury [1]. Efforts have been made to search for effective hepatoprotective agents h ...
... rifampicin, isoniazid etc. used in medical therapy. Hepatotoxic drugs can injure the hepatocyte by generating free-radical or metabolic intermediate that causes peroxidation of lipid membrane resulting in liver cell injury [1]. Efforts have been made to search for effective hepatoprotective agents h ...
... follows vigorous exercise in most patients with asthma [1). EIA has been recognized since ancient times, but the first modem clinical description was given by JoNES et al. [2] of Liverpool, UK in 1962. Exercise is acknowledged by many paediatricians to be the most common cause for an attack of asttu ...
1 Introduction
... for the ideal case of 100% yield and 100% selectivity. In real life, the E-factor is usually much higher, because product yields are less than 100% and the reagents are often used in excess. Furthermore, in many cases one needs to neutralize acid or base sideproducts, so the overall waste amounts ar ...
... for the ideal case of 100% yield and 100% selectivity. In real life, the E-factor is usually much higher, because product yields are less than 100% and the reagents are often used in excess. Furthermore, in many cases one needs to neutralize acid or base sideproducts, so the overall waste amounts ar ...
Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs
... When people use two or more drugs at the same time it is called ‘polydrug use’. Polydrug use is risky because the effects are hard to control, and this can lead to overdose. Mixing drugs from the same group can increase the effect. Mixing drugs from different groups can mask the effects: this might ...
... When people use two or more drugs at the same time it is called ‘polydrug use’. Polydrug use is risky because the effects are hard to control, and this can lead to overdose. Mixing drugs from the same group can increase the effect. Mixing drugs from different groups can mask the effects: this might ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.