One Hundred Years of Peptide Chemistry
... thereon, the synthesis of peptides progressed by leaps and bounds. The demand for peptides and proteins is enormous, and increasing rapidly with time. During the past 35 years the discovery of a vast array of naturally occurring pep tides with potent and specific biological activities has further in ...
... thereon, the synthesis of peptides progressed by leaps and bounds. The demand for peptides and proteins is enormous, and increasing rapidly with time. During the past 35 years the discovery of a vast array of naturally occurring pep tides with potent and specific biological activities has further in ...
Ophthalmic uses of Boerhaavia Diffusa L. (Punarnava): Review
... diseases as mentioned in Ayurveda. The plant was named as Boerhaavia diffusa in honor of Hermann Boerhaave, a famous Dutch physician of the 18th century [1]. The name Punarnava (Punah punarnava bhawati iti, in Sanskrit, translates as “that which becomes fresh again and again..”) is probably derived ...
... diseases as mentioned in Ayurveda. The plant was named as Boerhaavia diffusa in honor of Hermann Boerhaave, a famous Dutch physician of the 18th century [1]. The name Punarnava (Punah punarnava bhawati iti, in Sanskrit, translates as “that which becomes fresh again and again..”) is probably derived ...
Vaccines and Drugs: Characteristics of Their
... A vaccine is pharmaceutical product that is a biological medicine, made in, composed of, and/or tested through living systems, and thus difficult to standardize. It functions by eliciting an immune response and is generally for preventive use, although therapeutic vaccines (for example, for treatmen ...
... A vaccine is pharmaceutical product that is a biological medicine, made in, composed of, and/or tested through living systems, and thus difficult to standardize. It functions by eliciting an immune response and is generally for preventive use, although therapeutic vaccines (for example, for treatmen ...
Synthesis and Characterisation of N
... I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, technique ...
... I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, technique ...
Sex differences in the vulnerability to drug abuse
... and monkeys [13,14] is reduced to a greater extent than in males by pharmacological and behavioral treatments for drug abuse. Reasons for sex differences in drug abuse are not yet clear. It is possible that, in humans, these differences may reflect changing sociocultural standards [1–3]. It has also ...
... and monkeys [13,14] is reduced to a greater extent than in males by pharmacological and behavioral treatments for drug abuse. Reasons for sex differences in drug abuse are not yet clear. It is possible that, in humans, these differences may reflect changing sociocultural standards [1–3]. It has also ...
Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical
... • Compounds containing C, H and O are routinely analyzed through combustion in a chamber like this – C is determined from the mass of CO2 produced – H is determined from the mass of H2O produced – O is determined by difference after the C and H have been ...
... • Compounds containing C, H and O are routinely analyzed through combustion in a chamber like this – C is determined from the mass of CO2 produced – H is determined from the mass of H2O produced – O is determined by difference after the C and H have been ...
Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye
... Second, several studies have investigated the effects of psychotropic drugs on oculomotor control in healthy volunteers and schizophrenia patients (for review see Reilly et al. 2008). Nicotine (NIC) improves AS and pursuit performance in healthy people and patients with schizophrenia (Depatie et al. ...
... Second, several studies have investigated the effects of psychotropic drugs on oculomotor control in healthy volunteers and schizophrenia patients (for review see Reilly et al. 2008). Nicotine (NIC) improves AS and pursuit performance in healthy people and patients with schizophrenia (Depatie et al. ...
Rapid and Sensitive HPLC Method for the Determination of
... Sirolimus (Rapamycin), a natural 31-membered macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Sirolimus (SRL) is a potent immunosuppressive agent used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation especially useful in kidney transplants approved by the Food and Drug Administration. ...
... Sirolimus (Rapamycin), a natural 31-membered macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Sirolimus (SRL) is a potent immunosuppressive agent used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation especially useful in kidney transplants approved by the Food and Drug Administration. ...
View/Open - IUPUI ScholarWorks
... 5.2.1. Proliferative DR—In healthy adults, the ocular vasculature is mainly quiescent under the control of endogenous anti-angiogenic factors such as PEDF and angiostatin (Qazi et al., 2009). The abnormal growth of new blood vessels, such as retinal neovascularization, interferes with normal functio ...
... 5.2.1. Proliferative DR—In healthy adults, the ocular vasculature is mainly quiescent under the control of endogenous anti-angiogenic factors such as PEDF and angiostatin (Qazi et al., 2009). The abnormal growth of new blood vessels, such as retinal neovascularization, interferes with normal functio ...
... cephamycins, all the other cephalosporins do not process clinically useful antianaerobic activity. No cephalosporins are active against the Enterococcus, Listeria, MRSA. Anti-Gram negative activity increases as one go up the generation classification tree. “Anti-pseudomonal activity” usually means t ...
Low Molecular Weight Heparins : Basic and Applied Considerations
... Currently, several newer agents are being investigated as possible substitutes for heparin. These new agents include antithrombin, anti-Xa, anti-TF, heparinoids, oral formulations of heparin, glycosaminoglycans mixtures, activated protein C and biotechnology derived SERPINS such as the recombinant A ...
... Currently, several newer agents are being investigated as possible substitutes for heparin. These new agents include antithrombin, anti-Xa, anti-TF, heparinoids, oral formulations of heparin, glycosaminoglycans mixtures, activated protein C and biotechnology derived SERPINS such as the recombinant A ...
Browning reaction
... Rolle et al. (1991) observed that the PPO from Taiwanese tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) exhibited a temperature optimum of 45°C and showed stability over temperature range of 30-35°C. Simpson et al. (1997) reported that the maximum activity occurred at 45°C for white shrimp PO (Penaeus setiferus) an ...
... Rolle et al. (1991) observed that the PPO from Taiwanese tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) exhibited a temperature optimum of 45°C and showed stability over temperature range of 30-35°C. Simpson et al. (1997) reported that the maximum activity occurred at 45°C for white shrimp PO (Penaeus setiferus) an ...
Lecture 12 - Stoichiometry Lecture 12
... destroyed, or change, only rearranged into different combinations. • A molecular formula (covalent compounds) or a formula unit (ionic compounds) represents a fixed ratio of the elements in a compound, so a different ratio represents a different compound. ...
... destroyed, or change, only rearranged into different combinations. • A molecular formula (covalent compounds) or a formula unit (ionic compounds) represents a fixed ratio of the elements in a compound, so a different ratio represents a different compound. ...
Serotonin Syndrome - Available Courses
... function, temperature regulation, mood, sexual function, pain perception and personality. Serotonin also acts peripherally to stimulate smooth muscle. ! Serotonin activity is terminated mainly by reuptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal. Once inside it is either stored or metabolized by MAO and ...
... function, temperature regulation, mood, sexual function, pain perception and personality. Serotonin also acts peripherally to stimulate smooth muscle. ! Serotonin activity is terminated mainly by reuptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal. Once inside it is either stored or metabolized by MAO and ...
Drug induced exfoliative dermatitis: state of the art | SpringerLink
... between serum FasL levels and disease severity has not been established and because its levels have been found to be increased also in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and maculopapular eruption [36]. 2. Perforin/granzyme B pathway: Nassif and colleagues have proposed a role for perforin/graz ...
... between serum FasL levels and disease severity has not been established and because its levels have been found to be increased also in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and maculopapular eruption [36]. 2. Perforin/granzyme B pathway: Nassif and colleagues have proposed a role for perforin/graz ...
Methamphetamine — Effects on Human Performance and Behavior
... the retention time of this drug and its analogs, and to carefully review the mass spectra for consistency. There is evidence that at very high concentrations, ephedrine or pseudoephedrine may be converted to methamphetamine in the GC injection port [10,48]. A procedure involving periodate pretreatme ...
... the retention time of this drug and its analogs, and to carefully review the mass spectra for consistency. There is evidence that at very high concentrations, ephedrine or pseudoephedrine may be converted to methamphetamine in the GC injection port [10,48]. A procedure involving periodate pretreatme ...
Renaissance of antibiotics against difficult infections: Focus on
... establishes non-covalent interactions with the D-alanyl-Dalanine termini of the pentapeptide moiety of lipid II. The resulting steric hindrance around these termini prevents the access of enzymes that are needed for cross-linking peptidoglycan precursors via transglycosylation and transpeptidation r ...
... establishes non-covalent interactions with the D-alanyl-Dalanine termini of the pentapeptide moiety of lipid II. The resulting steric hindrance around these termini prevents the access of enzymes that are needed for cross-linking peptidoglycan precursors via transglycosylation and transpeptidation r ...
Li K-edge XANES and Li(1s) XPS Spectra of Lithium Compounds
... resemble those of alkaline-earth metal elements rather than other alkali metal elements. For a peculiar property of lithium, many researchers have extensively studied on lithium [3, 4]. However, there are no suitable analytical methods to get easily important information on the electronic states of ...
... resemble those of alkaline-earth metal elements rather than other alkali metal elements. For a peculiar property of lithium, many researchers have extensively studied on lithium [3, 4]. However, there are no suitable analytical methods to get easily important information on the electronic states of ...
The New High: Designer Drugs and New Trends
... laboratory of Dr. David E. Nichols at Purdue University by Matthew Parker in 1998. It has virtually no human use history, as is the case with most designer drugs (not having been tested on humans according by Dr. David E. Nichols). Dr. David E. Nichols is a researcher of psychedelic agents with emph ...
... laboratory of Dr. David E. Nichols at Purdue University by Matthew Parker in 1998. It has virtually no human use history, as is the case with most designer drugs (not having been tested on humans according by Dr. David E. Nichols). Dr. David E. Nichols is a researcher of psychedelic agents with emph ...
I M P R
... 5. Chewing gum has been shown to adhere to different degrees to enamel dentures and fillers3, 7. Characteristic of Ideal Medicated Chewing Gums 1. They should not require water for administration and should not disintegrate with in the mouth. 2. They should allow high drug loading. 3. They should be ...
... 5. Chewing gum has been shown to adhere to different degrees to enamel dentures and fillers3, 7. Characteristic of Ideal Medicated Chewing Gums 1. They should not require water for administration and should not disintegrate with in the mouth. 2. They should allow high drug loading. 3. They should be ...
Psychopharmacologic Therapy
... the human genome has revolutionized medicine and the way drugs are used to fight diseases. Before the human genome discovery, diseases were treated by intervening at the level of symptoms— the final phase in a complex cascade of biochemical processes. Treating symptoms usually involved guessing whic ...
... the human genome has revolutionized medicine and the way drugs are used to fight diseases. Before the human genome discovery, diseases were treated by intervening at the level of symptoms— the final phase in a complex cascade of biochemical processes. Treating symptoms usually involved guessing whic ...
The Case for Philosophy of Chemistry
... chemistry shows it to be an attempt to calculate the properties of atoms and molecules (including their reactivities) from first principles. This task is carried out via the Schrödinger equation, which may be described as the main workhorse of applied quantum mechanics. It should be said that there ...
... chemistry shows it to be an attempt to calculate the properties of atoms and molecules (including their reactivities) from first principles. This task is carried out via the Schrödinger equation, which may be described as the main workhorse of applied quantum mechanics. It should be said that there ...
A. Glucocorticoid drugs
... Usually be not used in viral and fungal infections except for those with cerebral edema or severe systemic symptoms b) prevention of sequelae (后遗症) of some types of inflammation, such as in brain, heart, eye, joint, etc. ...
... Usually be not used in viral and fungal infections except for those with cerebral edema or severe systemic symptoms b) prevention of sequelae (后遗症) of some types of inflammation, such as in brain, heart, eye, joint, etc. ...
Targeting apicoplasts in malaria parasites
... The first complete picture of apicoplast metabolic pathways was generated from a virtual proteome assembled by combining information about the characteristic signals needed to direct nuclear-encoded proteins to the apicoplast with the function of the genes that carried those signals. The Plasmodium ...
... The first complete picture of apicoplast metabolic pathways was generated from a virtual proteome assembled by combining information about the characteristic signals needed to direct nuclear-encoded proteins to the apicoplast with the function of the genes that carried those signals. The Plasmodium ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.