Pertussis (Whooping cough)
... 15. Le T, Cherry JA, Chang S, Knoll Maria D, Lee MartinA L, Barenkamp S, et al. Immune Responses and Antibody Decay after Immunization of Adolescents and Adults with an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: The APERT Study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2004;190(3):535-44. 16. Versteegh FGA, Mertens PL ...
... 15. Le T, Cherry JA, Chang S, Knoll Maria D, Lee MartinA L, Barenkamp S, et al. Immune Responses and Antibody Decay after Immunization of Adolescents and Adults with an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: The APERT Study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2004;190(3):535-44. 16. Versteegh FGA, Mertens PL ...
Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) vaccines for Australian children
... Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease most commonly resulting in a general malaise, fever and vesicular rash. Complications of chickenpox infection occur in approximately 1% of cases, with the most common being secondary bacterial infection of the skin lesions. Other complications include pn ...
... Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease most commonly resulting in a general malaise, fever and vesicular rash. Complications of chickenpox infection occur in approximately 1% of cases, with the most common being secondary bacterial infection of the skin lesions. Other complications include pn ...
PROS for Vaccines - Exploring Infectious Diseases
... 6. Vaccines are unnatural, and natural immunity is more effective than vaccination. Even pro-vaccine organizations state that natural vaccination causes better immunity. [100] 7. The pharmaceutical companies, FDA, and CDC should not be trusted to make and regulate safe vaccines. The primary goal ...
... 6. Vaccines are unnatural, and natural immunity is more effective than vaccination. Even pro-vaccine organizations state that natural vaccination causes better immunity. [100] 7. The pharmaceutical companies, FDA, and CDC should not be trusted to make and regulate safe vaccines. The primary goal ...
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - Rethinking International Health
... Diphtheria is caused by a toxin-producing strain of the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is transmitted by means of respiratory droplets. The 2001 WHO estimates of diphtheria mortality are extrapolations from reported deaths in countries with full or partial vital registration systems. B ...
... Diphtheria is caused by a toxin-producing strain of the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is transmitted by means of respiratory droplets. The 2001 WHO estimates of diphtheria mortality are extrapolations from reported deaths in countries with full or partial vital registration systems. B ...
Disease Fact Sheet Mumps
... mumps. Before the routine vaccination program was introduced in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children, and young adults. Because most people have now been vaccinated, mumps is now a rare disease in the United States. Mumps is more common during winter and spring. How is ...
... mumps. Before the routine vaccination program was introduced in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children, and young adults. Because most people have now been vaccinated, mumps is now a rare disease in the United States. Mumps is more common during winter and spring. How is ...
Is There Variation Among Vaccine Recipients?
... course is ―Both,‖ but the question makes it appear that they can only be one or the other. Or, a false dichotomy may be present because other options exist besides those given. For example two options are presented but there are, in reality, 10 options. In this case, the false dichotomy is that vacc ...
... course is ―Both,‖ but the question makes it appear that they can only be one or the other. Or, a false dichotomy may be present because other options exist besides those given. For example two options are presented but there are, in reality, 10 options. In this case, the false dichotomy is that vacc ...
Meningitis in schools
... and cause infection. The germs are passed from person to person through coughing, sneezing and intimate kissing, but they will rarely cause disease. Meningitis and septicaemia can affect anyone at any age, but babies and young children are most at risk. Teenagers and young people are also at risk, p ...
... and cause infection. The germs are passed from person to person through coughing, sneezing and intimate kissing, but they will rarely cause disease. Meningitis and septicaemia can affect anyone at any age, but babies and young children are most at risk. Teenagers and young people are also at risk, p ...
Plague FAQ document - National Institute for Communicable Diseases
... also complain of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. If treatment is commenced, symptoms usually resolve within 3 to 5 days. If not treated, the disease becomes more severe and complications may occur including septicaemic plague or pneumonic plagues, which are often fatal. 2) Septicaemi ...
... also complain of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. If treatment is commenced, symptoms usually resolve within 3 to 5 days. If not treated, the disease becomes more severe and complications may occur including septicaemic plague or pneumonic plagues, which are often fatal. 2) Septicaemi ...
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease
... cat flea is prevalent worldwide and is an indiscriminate feeder. It commonly parasitizes cats, dogs, opossums, and many animals of similar size, but it will readily switch to different hosts and will readily bite humans [9, 11, 22]. Studies of the presence of R. felis in the suburban cycle have foun ...
... cat flea is prevalent worldwide and is an indiscriminate feeder. It commonly parasitizes cats, dogs, opossums, and many animals of similar size, but it will readily switch to different hosts and will readily bite humans [9, 11, 22]. Studies of the presence of R. felis in the suburban cycle have foun ...
The Plague
... Prevention for the plague consists of avoiding rodents, using gloves while handling animals that may be infected, using bug repellent, and protecting household pets from fleas (6). There are vaccines for the Plague, but according to the World Health Organization they have “… not been shown to be ver ...
... Prevention for the plague consists of avoiding rodents, using gloves while handling animals that may be infected, using bug repellent, and protecting household pets from fleas (6). There are vaccines for the Plague, but according to the World Health Organization they have “… not been shown to be ver ...
Application APP202377 - Environmental Protection Authority
... Live vaccines represent IBV strains that have been passaged in embryonated chicken eggs, or thermally treated, to achieve a reduction in virulence for the respiratory tract; the resulting vaccine can be mild or virulent depending on the level of attenuation (OIE, 2013). Vaccines with low virulence a ...
... Live vaccines represent IBV strains that have been passaged in embryonated chicken eggs, or thermally treated, to achieve a reduction in virulence for the respiratory tract; the resulting vaccine can be mild or virulent depending on the level of attenuation (OIE, 2013). Vaccines with low virulence a ...
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Policy Update: Booster Dose
... antibody concentrations through the age of 21 years. The cost of a second dose of MCV4 in adolescents was considered in deliberations that led to the new recommendation. When using the costeffectiveness measure of qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs), the 2-dose schedule had a lower cost per QALY than ...
... antibody concentrations through the age of 21 years. The cost of a second dose of MCV4 in adolescents was considered in deliberations that led to the new recommendation. When using the costeffectiveness measure of qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs), the 2-dose schedule had a lower cost per QALY than ...
Invasive Non-Typhi Salmonella Disease in Africa
... described in Africa [30]. A Kenyan study of NTS carriage at admission to the hospital found that 20 (3.6%) of 556 children but none of 111 adults carried NTS [31]. In developed countries, it is known that children are likely to excrete NTS in their stool for several weeks after recovering from enter ...
... described in Africa [30]. A Kenyan study of NTS carriage at admission to the hospital found that 20 (3.6%) of 556 children but none of 111 adults carried NTS [31]. In developed countries, it is known that children are likely to excrete NTS in their stool for several weeks after recovering from enter ...
4 Bacteria - World Health Organization
... both in families and institutional settings. Waterborne transmission of E. coli O157:H7 from sources such as recreational waters (Keene et al. 1994), well water (Nataro and Kaper 1998) and municipal water systems (Swerdlow et al. 1992; De Nileon 1998) have been associated with outbreaks. Although se ...
... both in families and institutional settings. Waterborne transmission of E. coli O157:H7 from sources such as recreational waters (Keene et al. 1994), well water (Nataro and Kaper 1998) and municipal water systems (Swerdlow et al. 1992; De Nileon 1998) have been associated with outbreaks. Although se ...
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
... or early evening, often in conjunction with fever spikes. The rash is most florid in areas where the skin has been rubbed or subjected to mild trauma, such as the light pressure of clothing. This manifestation is known as the Kohner phenomenon; it may be useful, diagnostically, when parents report r ...
... or early evening, often in conjunction with fever spikes. The rash is most florid in areas where the skin has been rubbed or subjected to mild trauma, such as the light pressure of clothing. This manifestation is known as the Kohner phenomenon; it may be useful, diagnostically, when parents report r ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook
... In some parts of Australia, the incidence of TB is appreciably higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than Australian-born non-Indigenous Australians, and BCG is recommended for neonates living in those regions.30 State and territory guidelines should be consulted for local recomm ...
... In some parts of Australia, the incidence of TB is appreciably higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than Australian-born non-Indigenous Australians, and BCG is recommended for neonates living in those regions.30 State and territory guidelines should be consulted for local recomm ...
Vaccine adverse events - World Health Organization
... immunopathogenesis of even the best characterized vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs). The range of possible use of active immunization is rapidly expanding to include vaccines against infectious diseases that require cellular responses to provide protection (e.g. tuberculosis, herpes viral in ...
... immunopathogenesis of even the best characterized vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs). The range of possible use of active immunization is rapidly expanding to include vaccines against infectious diseases that require cellular responses to provide protection (e.g. tuberculosis, herpes viral in ...
PDF 250 KB - Parliament of Victoria
... Therefore (as with whooping cough), because the disease risks are higher in adults, it logically follows that for the purpose of minimising the overall risk to a person (including in their adulthood), the ideal strategy is to gain natural immunity in childhood (or young adolescence) when the infect ...
... Therefore (as with whooping cough), because the disease risks are higher in adults, it logically follows that for the purpose of minimising the overall risk to a person (including in their adulthood), the ideal strategy is to gain natural immunity in childhood (or young adolescence) when the infect ...
Herd-immunity-for-IMCV - International Medical Council on
... only 4 cases of pneumonia per 1000 children. The cost for vaccinating 1000 children comes to $ 12,750. Treating the 4 cases of pneumonia in India using WHO protocol, would cost $ 1. The pneumococcus strains prevalent in India are nearly all sensitive to inexpensive antibiotics like penicillin. In th ...
... only 4 cases of pneumonia per 1000 children. The cost for vaccinating 1000 children comes to $ 12,750. Treating the 4 cases of pneumonia in India using WHO protocol, would cost $ 1. The pneumococcus strains prevalent in India are nearly all sensitive to inexpensive antibiotics like penicillin. In th ...
Whooping cough vaccine cpt
... Fact sheets about vaccines: To improve communication about vaccines with teens and adults, the Immunization Action Coalition (IAC) provides free handouts and fact. September 2013. Coding for Whooping Cough For The Record Vol. 25 No. 12 P. 26. Pertussis, which is more commonly known as whooping cough ...
... Fact sheets about vaccines: To improve communication about vaccines with teens and adults, the Immunization Action Coalition (IAC) provides free handouts and fact. September 2013. Coding for Whooping Cough For The Record Vol. 25 No. 12 P. 26. Pertussis, which is more commonly known as whooping cough ...
Infectious Disease Prevention HOT TOPICS
... appropriately to vaccination; modified-live vaccines occasionally induce the disease in these animals. If high levels of specific antibodies are present, vaccine efficacy is diminished. This is a particularly important consideration when vaccinating puppies or kittens from well-vaccinated dams. Dise ...
... appropriately to vaccination; modified-live vaccines occasionally induce the disease in these animals. If high levels of specific antibodies are present, vaccine efficacy is diminished. This is a particularly important consideration when vaccinating puppies or kittens from well-vaccinated dams. Dise ...
here - Harvard Graduate School of Design
... plans will cover the cost. If you are unable to obtain these prior to your arrival on campus, you may arrange to get immunizations at various locations in the area, including Harvard University Health Services (HUHS). Please note that your health plan may not cover immunizations you receive at HUHS, ...
... plans will cover the cost. If you are unable to obtain these prior to your arrival on campus, you may arrange to get immunizations at various locations in the area, including Harvard University Health Services (HUHS). Please note that your health plan may not cover immunizations you receive at HUHS, ...
Chikungunya Fever: A New Concern For the Western Hemisphere
... or maculopapular rash with or without pruritis and a burning sensation lasting 1 to 4 days appears on the face, abdomen, thorax, back, limbs, palms and/or soles [11]. Headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and severe bilateral polyarthralgia that is frequently accompanied by joint swelling also oc ...
... or maculopapular rash with or without pruritis and a burning sensation lasting 1 to 4 days appears on the face, abdomen, thorax, back, limbs, palms and/or soles [11]. Headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and severe bilateral polyarthralgia that is frequently accompanied by joint swelling also oc ...
WHO information sheet - World Health Organization
... vaccination. Several conditions that have been considered in the scientific literature are discussed below. Neurological disease - There have been a number of severe neurological adverse events reported after hepatitis B vaccines and these primarily have included Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple ...
... vaccination. Several conditions that have been considered in the scientific literature are discussed below. Neurological disease - There have been a number of severe neurological adverse events reported after hepatitis B vaccines and these primarily have included Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple ...
Neurologic adverse events following vaccination
... 2. unrelated to the immune system - patients whose postvaccinal reactions may be related to the toxic effects of the vaccine components or may result from the vaccine virus turning virulent, resulting in complete or abortive symptoms of the disease. Another classification of adverse events following ...
... 2. unrelated to the immune system - patients whose postvaccinal reactions may be related to the toxic effects of the vaccine components or may result from the vaccine virus turning virulent, resulting in complete or abortive symptoms of the disease. Another classification of adverse events following ...
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a symptomatic bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. Weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, and headaches also commonly occur. Diarrhea and vomiting are uncommon. Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases there may be confusion. Without treatment symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever along with paratyphoid fever.The cause is the bacterium Salmonella typhi, also known as Salmonella enterica serotype typhi, growing in the intestines and blood. Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. Those who travel to the developing world are also at risk. Humans are the only animal infected. Diagnosis is by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterium's DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacterium can be difficult. Bone marrow testing is the most accurate. Symptoms are similar to that of many other infectious diseases. Typhus is a different disease.A typhoid vaccine can prevent about 50% to 70% of cases. The vaccine may be effective for up to seven years. It is recommended for those at high risk or people traveling to areas where the disease is common. Other efforts to prevent the disease include providing clean drinking water, better sanitation, and better handwashing. Until it has been confirmed that an individual's infection is cleared, the individual should not prepare food for others. Treatment of disease is with antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins. Resistance to these antibiotics has been developing, which has made treatment of the disease more difficult.In 2010 there were 27 million cases reported. The disease is most common in India, and children are most commonly affected. Rates of disease decreased in the developed world in the 1940s as a result of improved sanitation and use of antibiotics to treat the disease. About 400 cases are reported and the disease is estimated to occur in about 6,000 people per year in the United States. In 2013 it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990 (about 0.3% of the global total). The risk of death may be as high as 25% without treatment, while with treatment it is between 1 and 4%. The name typhoid means ""resembling typhus"" due to the similarity in symptoms.