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... seasonal influenza virus infection or, # is positive for influenza A by an influenza rapid test or an IF assay plus meets criteria for a suspected case, or # individual with a clinically compatible illness who is considered to be epidemiologically linked to a probable ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Biology and Pathogenesis of Lentiviruses
REVIEW ARTICLE Biology and Pathogenesis of Lentiviruses

... disease leading to cachexia and death, the diversity of organ systems affected and the failure of people to recover from the infection emphasize that there is a marked difference between the mechanisms of pathogenesis of HIV and those of viruses that cause acute disease. This concept is new with res ...
evaluation of safety of malaysian isolate infectious bursal disease
evaluation of safety of malaysian isolate infectious bursal disease

... Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a common disease of worldwide importance and considered as a threat to the poultry industry. IBD virus (IBDV) destroys B-lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius in young chickens, causing both immunosuppression and mor ...
Common Causes of Liver Disease in the UK
Common Causes of Liver Disease in the UK

... Common causes of liver disease presentation to secondary care to me: ...
TBHIV Why is it important C. Daniels []
TBHIV Why is it important C. Daniels []

... World Health Organisation ...
A Term Infant of Neonatal Toxic Shock Syndrome
A Term Infant of Neonatal Toxic Shock Syndrome

... serum cytokine profiles would provide insight into the state of immunological pathophysiology in patients with neonatal infectious diseases including HPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of NTED complicated with HPS. It is possible that HPS has been underestimated in pr ...
Adult Immunizations
Adult Immunizations

... 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/nhis/2009-nhis.htm. Accessed January 19, 2011. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(4):66–72. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR. 2013;62(4):61–76. ...
Ebolavirosis: a 2014 Review for Clinicians
Ebolavirosis: a 2014 Review for Clinicians

... Ebolavirosis, like Marburgvirosis, are African zoonosis, and for both the primary animal reservoir are bats. It is a typical acute haemorrhagic fever, characterized by a high lethality rate. In an outbreak, the human index case became infected after contact with an infected animal or its blood, in m ...
JOH R.University School of Medicine
JOH R.University School of Medicine

... population; and it will do so whenever the virus has access (during the appropriate season) to such a susceptible population, unless the mechanism or spread is removed by artificial or special circumstances. Today, there are few communities no matter how small or remote, how sanitary, or how modern, ...
What You NEED - Broward County!
What You NEED - Broward County!

... are serious risks with this disease, but may take decades to develop. How common is hepatitis B? There are 50 to 100 newly diagnosed acute hepatitis B cases in Washington each year and an estimated 20,000 persons chronically infected. ...
Disease Prevention and Control
Disease Prevention and Control

... Leprosy can be cured with drugs which are given for a long period of time. Regular treatment of leprosy is essential to: - Enhance healing and prevent complications - Decrease the chance of drug resistance - Decreases transmission of the disease ...
What is Dengue?1 - EDIS
What is Dengue?1 - EDIS

... only sporadically in some Caribbean islands during that period. The eradication program, however, was gradually abandoned (it was officially terminated in the United States in 1970). As a result, Ae. aegypti reinfested the region and is again widely distributed. A major dengue epidemic occurred in C ...
Neurology Board Review - LSU School of Medicine
Neurology Board Review - LSU School of Medicine

... You are working the night shift in the ER and a mother brings in her 5 year-old daughter due to difficulty walking since this morning. She has been complaining of some tingling in her legs. On physical exam, she is afebrile and her vitals are stable. The remainder of her exam is normal except she h ...
What is it? What causes it? Who gets it? What are the symptoms
What is it? What causes it? Who gets it? What are the symptoms

... the skin rash or throat of the ill person. Once the virus is breathed in, illness begins about 2 weeks later. 90% of patients having this highly contagious disease are under 10 years of age with most between 5 - 9 years of age. Over 90% of family members also become infected if they have not been pr ...
An epidemic model of a vector-borne disease with direct
An epidemic model of a vector-borne disease with direct

... put under control for most of the world, except Africa, in the 1950s and 1960s. A number of factors that contribute to the upsurgence of vector-borne diseases have been repeatedly pointed out and discussed (Molyneux [3], Gubler [4], Harrus and Baneth [1]). Such factors include (1) the ability of the ...
Upper and lower respiratory tract infectionsard
Upper and lower respiratory tract infectionsard

... Chronic sinusitis - Causes  Bacterial  Cultures show a variety of opportunistic pathogens including anaerobes but problem is mainly anatomic, not microbiologic ...
Biotechnology and Human Health
Biotechnology and Human Health

... • Assays are a type of biotechnology. They are tests that indicate the presence of a particular substance. • Examples of medical assays include glucose meters (used by diabetics), drug tests, pregnancy tests and disease tests (such as for HIV). ...
acute diarrhoea
acute diarrhoea

... hypotension, DIC, death ...
20110404092025_bbp
20110404092025_bbp

... Risk Factors for TB Disease Development Only about 1 in 10 people infected ever suffer active disease  Reactivation of TB is likely if the host has impaired immunity, including diabetes, chronic renal failure, malnourished, high-dose corticosteroid therapy, some hematologic disorders, or HIV infect ...
scrapie - An-Najah Blogs - An
scrapie - An-Najah Blogs - An

... Most breeds of sheep are affected although in some there is a clear genetic basis for resistance or low prevalence of clinical disease, scrapie has also been described in Moufflon (Ovis musimon) a primitive type of sheep such animal incubating the disease and that animal never develop clinical signs ...
HIV/AIDS and Infection Control
HIV/AIDS and Infection Control

... AIDS related illnesses have caused the deaths of over 30 million people since 1981. That is half as many deaths as in World War II. It is currently estimated that 1.1 million Americans are among the 33 million people in the world who are currently living with HIV. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. ...
Oral Health and General Health - Michigan Oral Health Coalition
Oral Health and General Health - Michigan Oral Health Coalition

... • Every year in USA, 1/10 births arrive too early and too small • Preterm birth represents the major cause of neonatal mortality and among survivors, a major contributor to long term disability • African-American women have 2-3 times greater risk of having baby pre-term compared to Whites or Hispani ...
Dynamics of Indirectly Transmitted Infectious Diseases with
Dynamics of Indirectly Transmitted Infectious Diseases with

... pathogens implies that disease transmission includes an indirect route other than humanto-human contact. Indirect transmission occurs when a susceptible individual comes into contact with a contaminated reservoir. Depending on the disease, infected individuals may also shed pathogens back into the r ...
Dynamics of Indirectly Transmitted Infectious Diseases
Dynamics of Indirectly Transmitted Infectious Diseases

... pathogens implies that disease transmission includes an indirect route other than humanto-human contact. Indirect transmission occurs when a susceptible individual comes into contact with a contaminated reservoir. Depending on the disease, infected individuals may also shed pathogens back into the r ...
Easterlin 1999
Easterlin 1999

... development. Thus, elevating life expectancy to the status of a social goal commensurate with economic growth raises no issues that are not already being dealt with in the study of economic growth and its determinants. It is this view to which the present article is addressed. Specifically, the ques ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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