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Simulation of a classical swine fever outbreak in rural areas of the
Simulation of a classical swine fever outbreak in rural areas of the

... simulation, values are drawn randomly from probability density functions as a simulation runs. Transmission of disease (efficient contact): The following modes of transmission are simulated: direct contact between diseased and susceptible animals, indirect contact through contaminated vehicles, equi ...
An Agent-Based Model to Simulate Infectious Disease
An Agent-Based Model to Simulate Infectious Disease

... exposure to a pathogen involves a complex web of variables such as: the virulence (ability to cause disease) of the pathogen; the immune, genetic and physiological condition have the host; stress; and population density [11][12]. Different strains of the same pathogen may vary considerably in their ...
OSHA Course
OSHA Course

... Can a person spread Hepatitis B and not know it? Yes. Many people with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection do not know they are infected since they do not feel or look sick. However, they still can spread the virus to others and are at risk of serious health problems themselves. Can Hepatitis B be s ...
important: please read
important: please read

... protection (antibodies) against these diseases. • Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is an infectious disease, which can affect the liver. This disease is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The hepatitis A virus is generally spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth that has been contaminat ...
Neonatal Emergencies - St. Barnabas Hospital
Neonatal Emergencies - St. Barnabas Hospital

... Viral lower-airway disease caused by RSV 80% of the time  Other etiologies include adenovirus, influenza, or parainfluenza  RSV is responsible for 50-90% of bronchiolitis hospital admissions  More common in winter and spring seasons, may present at any time ...
Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and
Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and

... usually peaks within the first month of illness and declines to nondetectable amounts within 12 (usually 6) months. Virus-specific IgM antibody usually is detected by very sensitive and specific solid-phase antibody-capture immunoassays and typically is found against a background of nonspecific incr ...
FACTS about EBOLA FOR PATIENTS PUBLIC
FACTS about EBOLA FOR PATIENTS PUBLIC

... treatment for symptoms. Early recognition of Ebola is important for providing appropriate care and preventing the spread of infection. What is [HOSPITAL NAME] doing to prepare for possible Ebola patients? At [HOSPITAL NAME], the health and safety of our patients, our staff, our visitors and our comm ...
Chronic Diarrhea - physicianeducation.org
Chronic Diarrhea - physicianeducation.org

... TPN if npo for >7days NG tube to decompress, IV antibiotics if inflammatory mass present, drain abscess if necessary In over 2/3 patients, surgery will eventually be required. 1/3-1/2 require a second surgery. ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... M. tuberculosis is a rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, thin aerobic bacterium measuring 0.5micro m by 3micro m. Mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis, are often neutral on Gram's staining. However, once stained, the bacilli cannot be decolorized by acid alcohol; this characteristic justifies their cl ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e

... Since Buerger disease is recognized as an independent disease in general, a lot of blood chemistry data were examined looking for characteristics and diagnostic factor. CRP, ANCA and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were not specific [13,14]. Finally it was concluded that no specific blood test could ide ...
Clinical management of patients with Ebola virus disease
Clinical management of patients with Ebola virus disease

... monitoring of vital signs, fluid balance and neurologic status. Since aggressive supportive care has the potential to increase survival, the patient should be cared for in an ICU setting. Numerous patients that have been treated in ICU settings who developed severe multi-organ dysfunction and requir ...
Summary and Purpose Field/research Study type Study design
Summary and Purpose Field/research Study type Study design

... The incidence of TB in Taiwan has gradually declined in recent 10 years. In order to maintain Treatment/intervention the trend of decreasing in incidence, preventive therapy for LTBI become more and more important. However, which is the best preventive regimen for LTBI is still unknown. Therefore, w ...
What you need to know about vaccinations
What you need to know about vaccinations

... Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is most common in children.24 It is spread mainly by airborne droplets of moisture coughed out by an infected person, or by touching items contaminated by such droplets.24 It is contagious for several days before and after the rash develops. 24 Sym ...
What is Myocarditis?
What is Myocarditis?

... Coxsackieviruses  Coxsackie B viruses are estimated to be responsible for at least 50% of the cases of infection-caused heart diseases.  For reasons yet unknown, the cardiac disease caused by this virus mainly occurs in middle-aged men, with onset occurring, on average, around age 42 years.  The ...
Report 20th Annual Workshop
Report 20th Annual Workshop

... infectious diseases for the 2 most important fish species farmed in his country. In this perspective, all participants received on beforehand 4 tables listing the most renowned pathogens for the most important farmed fish species in Europe. Before the WS each participant had the opportunity to inter ...
Meningitis and Encephalitis in the Older Patient
Meningitis and Encephalitis in the Older Patient

... 1996: outbreak in Romania (4% fatality) ...
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Developing Anaesthesia
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Developing Anaesthesia

... one particularly severe attack, he called for the most revered physician of his day, Galen. Galen himself has left a description of this encounter. He was not impressed by his colleagues’ deliberations, (nor must it be said did he show any of his colleagues much professional courtesy, modesty was ne ...
11-ID-19 Committee: Infectious Title: Public Health Reporting and
11-ID-19 Committee: Infectious Title: Public Health Reporting and

... specimen using culture-based methods. However, there has been an increase in the use of nonculture based methods to clinically diagnosis Shigellosis. According to the 2010 case definition for Shigellosis, if Shigella is diagnosed by non-culture methods it is classified as “Not a Case”. At least one ...
clostridium difficile disease
clostridium difficile disease

... risk of contracting a C. difficile infection (CDI) increases with age, antibiotic treatment and time spent in hospitals or nursing homes, where outbreaks can lead to multiple cases.1 Despite improvements in reducing some healthcareassociated infections (HAIs), C. difficile remains at high levels.2 I ...
P and M gene junction is the optimal insertion site in Newcastle
P and M gene junction is the optimal insertion site in Newcastle

... PCR Cloning kit (Clontech). The sequences of all primers used in construction of the full-length cDNA clones are available upon request. The NDV gene end and gene start signal sequences, the Kozak sequence and GFP sequences are boxed or underlined. The direction of the T7 promoter is indicated by a ...
Welcome to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Welcome to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

... those findings. The Annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases contains summary tables of statistics, as well as graphs and maps on morbidity and mortality, for each of the 52 notifiable diseases (as of June 1995) reported during a calendar year. ...
Health Fact Sheet: Mumps What is mumps? Mumps is a highly
Health Fact Sheet: Mumps What is mumps? Mumps is a highly

... pairs of saliva-producing (salivary) glands, situated below and in front of your ears. If you or your child contracts mumps, it can cause swelling in one or both parotid glands. ...
T U B E R C U L O S... A I R   T R A V E... guidelines for prevention and control
T U B E R C U L O S... A I R T R A V E... guidelines for prevention and control

... It is not possible to medically assess the majority before their flights. Approximately one third of the world’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis, and TB is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease agent in adults worldwide (1). In 2003, 4 million new and relapse TB case ...
Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world
Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world

... importance, but infectious diseases remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity.7–9 Furthermore, important socioeconomic disparities have emerged in urban centres mirrored by profound health inequalities.9,10 Urbanisation of low-income countries raises new health challenges for the internation ...
regulations for hazardous biological agents
regulations for hazardous biological agents

... “diagnostic laboratory” means a workplace where diagnostic or other screening procedures are performed on blood or other potentially infectious materials; “disinfect” means to render non-viable virtually all recognised pathogenic micro-organisms, but not necessarily all microbial forms; “engineering ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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