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The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the
The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the

Unexplained Lymphadenopathy Generalized Lymphadenopathy
Unexplained Lymphadenopathy Generalized Lymphadenopathy

... The body has approximately 600 lymph nodes, but only those in the submandibular, axillary or inguinal regions may normally be palpable in healthy people.1 Lymphadenopathy refers to nodes that are abnormal in either size, consistency or number. There are various classifications of lymphadenopathy, bu ...
Skin and measles - JPAD - Journal of Pakistan association of
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... Department of Dermatology, Unit I, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore ...
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Hepatitis A and Norovirus - Food Science and Human Nutrition
Hepatitis A and Norovirus - Food Science and Human Nutrition

... • Tolerated salt concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 6.3% NaCl • In a study Norovirus was able to survive 29 days in water, 4 days on lettuce., 12 days on soil, and 15 days on stainless steel disks • Lettuce at 4C and 23C for 2 weeks  reduced by 1 log ...
Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations
Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations

... We defined as an ‘ atypical case ’ of Chikungunya fever as one in which a patient hospitalized from April 2005 onwards on Réunion, developed, apart from fever and arthralgia, one or more other symptoms and had laboratory evidence of acute or recent Chikungunya virus infection. This atypical case was ...
Immunogenicity and Safety of Yellow Fever Vaccination for 102 HIV
Immunogenicity and Safety of Yellow Fever Vaccination for 102 HIV

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population-based surveillance of typhoid fever in egypt

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Computational Modeling of Pandemic Flu

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Natural Disaster

... significantly higher than the average for the decade before the earthquake13. Ultimately, these issues can be traced to the approaches historically taken to development and infrastructure in Padang and in Indonesia in general. First, vector control has not been a priority, as the prevailing public a ...
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Epidemiology of the Plague of Athens

... cisterns and to Athens by numerous wells spaced throughout the city. Athens also had cisterns, a river-fed aqueduct (from the Ilissus), and several springs, most of which were said to have had brackish water. The bedrock underlying Athens has porous limestone in the surface layer, underlaidby slate ...
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... is speculated that the infected tourist leaves the area before he becomes infectious as well. Therefore, the actual transmission potential must be higher than the prediction in the first scenario. In our theory, if this is the case, then there is no epidemic threshold induced by tourists at all. The ...
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Immune Parameters in Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Immune Parameters in Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

... (HFRS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgM and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were negative. Two weeks later, he developed HFRS caused by the Puumala virus. We performed two-color immunofluorescence cytometry with monoclonal antibodies identifying the activation markers on T cells. Serum ...
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Modeling General Epidemics: SIR MODEL

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BIOTERRORISM - Univerzita Karlova v Praze

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Mathematical modeling of the spread of infectious diseases

... The Black Death in Europe 1347-1350 The catastrophic pandemic of plague in the 14th century is so fascinating that it is worth summarizing some facts about it. The Black Death, as it was known, was mainly bubonic plague, caused by Bacillus pestis and transmitted by fleas from rats to humans. The di ...
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Estimation of the reproductive number of the Spanish flu
Estimation of the reproductive number of the Spanish flu

... the compartmental model (Fig. 1) using standard methods in mathematical epidemiology [6]. For simplicity, we can write the reproductive number as the sum of the contributions to infection from the individuals in each of the three infectious ...
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response vaccination in Niamey, Niger Time is of the

... time of the epidemic was estimated to be 769 454. Only total quartier population sizes were available. The population served by CSIs was assumed to be the sum of each of the quartiers in the catchment area. The population of each commune was estimated as the sum of all quartiers in the commune. As b ...
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Yellow fever in Buenos Aires



The Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires was a series of epidemics that took place in 1852, 1858, 1870 and 1871, the latter being a disaster that killed about 8% of Porteños: in a city were the daily death rate was less than 20, there were days that killed more than 500 people. The Yellow Fever would have come from Asunción, Paraguay, brought by Argentine soldiers returning from the war just fought in that country, having previously spread in the city of Corrientes. As its worst, Buenos Aires population was reduced to a third because of the exodus of those escaping the scourge.Some of the main causes of the spread of this disease were the insufficient supply of drinking water, pollution of ground water by human waste, the warm and humid climate in summer, the overcrowding suffered by the black people and, since 1871, the overcrowding of the European immigrants who entered the country incessantly and without sanitary measures. Also, the saladeros (manufacturing establishments for producing salted and dried meat) polluted the Matanza River (south of the city limits), and the infected ditches full of debris which ran through the city encouraged the spread of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which was responsible of transmitting Yellow Fever.A witness to the epidemic of 1871, named Mardoqueo Navarro, wrote on April 13 the following description in his diary:Businesses closed, streets deserted, a shortage of doctors, corpses without assistance, everyone flees if they can...
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