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ap chemistry unit two notes
ap chemistry unit two notes

APS104H1_20161_661461623642Lecture 2
APS104H1_20161_661461623642Lecture 2

... atom. Therefore, Heisenberg said that we shouldn't view electrons as moving in well-defined orbits about the nucleus! With Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in mind, an Austrian physicist named Erwin Schrodinger derived a set of equations or wave functions (Ψ) in 1926 for electrons. According to Sc ...
Chapter 9: Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties
Chapter 9: Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties

... the color of the line in the visible spectrum of hydrogen for which nL = 2 and nH = 3. Ans. 656.4 nm Color???? ...
fo-Balancing Chemical Notes
fo-Balancing Chemical Notes

Introduction to Quantum Optics for Cavity QED The semiclassical
Introduction to Quantum Optics for Cavity QED The semiclassical

Quantum Theory
Quantum Theory

... Bohr’s model had issues considers electrons to have both a known radius and orbit  It makes poor predictions regarding the spectra of larger atoms.  It does not predict the relative intensities of spectral lines.  The Bohr Model does not explain fine structure in spectral lines. ...
Waves and Energy
Waves and Energy

... Scientists knew that the wave model could not explain a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect. In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface. In explaining the photoelectric effect, Albert Einstein proposed that ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... momentum of an object and its exact location in space. This becomes significant when dealing with the position of electrons within an atom. ...
Electrons and Atoms
Electrons and Atoms

Introduction to Nanoscience
Introduction to Nanoscience

Chapter 28
Chapter 28

Atomic Orbitals
Atomic Orbitals

... •Each row is called a “period” ...
A Brief Review of Thomas-Fermi Theory
A Brief Review of Thomas-Fermi Theory

... and γ   3π2  2 3 2 ! 2m. The constraint on ρ  x  is ρ  x #" 0 and $   ρ is convex. ...
File - Mr. L`s Room
File - Mr. L`s Room

File - Get Involved!
File - Get Involved!

... • Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle-Unable to calculate both the momentum and location of an electron in an atom simultaneously • Electrons travel in diffuse clouds or orbitals around the nucleus described by probability distributions • Quantum Numbers are used to describe the location of each electr ...
CH03_Tro_LectureNotes - Tutor
CH03_Tro_LectureNotes - Tutor

... A compound is made up of two or more elements or two or more types of atoms, chemically combined and therefore exists as molecules. Examples of compounds are water, H2O; sulfuric acid, H2SO4; carbon monoxide, CO.. Although there are two or more different types of atoms present, it is important to re ...
Mock Final Exam
Mock Final Exam

... Lecture 6: Sub-atomic & quantum structure 6.1: Atomic properties from electron configuration 56. Other than having the same number of valence electrons, elements in the same column of the periodic table share ___________________ and _____________. (I’m looking for two answers here) 6.2: The true nat ...
Electrons!
Electrons!

... Where does this energy come from? Quantum mechanics is a field of physics that answers this.  Electrons absorb a specific number of photons of energy when they are excited (heated or absorb some other form of energy). The electrons are not stable in that state and emit photons of energy (in the for ...
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions

... – Chemical reactions occur when bonds between atoms are formed or broken – Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. ...
Document
Document

... molecules and small numbers after certain atoms within a molecule. The little number is called the subscript and tells how many of a certain type of atom are in a molecule. The bigger number is called the coefficient and tells how many of a particular type of molecule there are. If there is a coeffi ...
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- Catalyst

... Question 7: Fill in the blanks of the statements below with the words in the box. Note, you will only  use each word once.  A. atom   ...
chapter5
chapter5

... Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms ...
Atomic Systems and Bonding
Atomic Systems and Bonding

Atomic Systems and Bonding
Atomic Systems and Bonding

... what is called a free electron Atoms with few electrons in their valence shell tend to have more free electrons since these valence electrons are more loosely bound to the nucleus. In some materials like copper, the electrons are so loosely held by the atom and so close to the neighboring atoms that ...
Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical
Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical

... Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical Models of the Atom 1. In the Bohr Model, the electron is treated as a particle in fixed orbits around the nucleus. In the Quantum Mechanical Model, the electron is treated mathematically as a wave. The electron has properties of both particles and waves. ...
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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is made up of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). However, atoms do not have well defined boundaries, and there are different ways to define their size which give different but close values.Atoms are small enough that classical physics give noticeably incorrect results. Through the development of physics, atomic models have incorporated quantum principles to better explain and predict the behavior.Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons (none in hydrogen-1). Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge. If the number of protons and electrons are equal, that atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative or positive charge, respectively, and it is called an ion.Electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by this electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by a different force, the nuclear force, which is usually stronger than the electromagnetic force repelling the positively charged protons from one another. Under certain circumstances the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force, and nucleons can be ejected from the nucleus, leaving behind a different element: nuclear decay resulting in nuclear transmutation.The number of protons in the nucleus defines to what chemical element the atom belongs: for example, all copper atoms contain 29 protons. The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. The number of electrons influences the magnetic properties of an atom. Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules. The ability of atoms to associate and dissociate is responsible for most of the physical changes observed in nature, and is the subject of the discipline of chemistry.Not all the matter of the universe is composed of atoms. Dark matter comprises more of the Universe than matter, and is composed not of atoms, but of particles of a currently unknown type.
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