Secured Lending and Borrowers` Riskiness
... qualified than the average investor to evaluate projects, credit allocation may be less efficient when there is a larger fraction of loans that are made on a secured basis. Moreover, if banks find it less expensive to require guarantees than to monitor projects, it is possible that investors that ca ...
... qualified than the average investor to evaluate projects, credit allocation may be less efficient when there is a larger fraction of loans that are made on a secured basis. Moreover, if banks find it less expensive to require guarantees than to monitor projects, it is possible that investors that ca ...
Banking Act Report - 1991-1992
... During the year. strains became evident in banks' relations with customers. many of whom were under pressure fro m the extended recession. The actions taken by banks to repair thei r revenues contributed to the adverse fee ling. Banks were accused of colluding to withhold the full benefit of the fal ...
... During the year. strains became evident in banks' relations with customers. many of whom were under pressure fro m the extended recession. The actions taken by banks to repair thei r revenues contributed to the adverse fee ling. Banks were accused of colluding to withhold the full benefit of the fal ...
War and inflation in the United States from the revolution
... victims. Higher rates in wartime were considered especially loathsome. War was a time when the nation was pulling together for a common purpose. Lenders should not be allowed to profit from the special circumstances in wartime. In this respect the decision to suppress interest rate increases is simi ...
... victims. Higher rates in wartime were considered especially loathsome. War was a time when the nation was pulling together for a common purpose. Lenders should not be allowed to profit from the special circumstances in wartime. In this respect the decision to suppress interest rate increases is simi ...
Federal Reserve Notes and National Bank Notes
... The institutions and technologies that exist in the world today differ from those that existed in the past. Nonetheless, there are many institutions and technologies in the past which bear enough similarities to those that exist today that there is much that can be learned from studying their histor ...
... The institutions and technologies that exist in the world today differ from those that existed in the past. Nonetheless, there are many institutions and technologies in the past which bear enough similarities to those that exist today that there is much that can be learned from studying their histor ...
Volume 72 No. 1, March 2009 Contents
... with public nervousness about the state of the financial sector. The article also discusses the physical quality of our banknotes, and the rate of counterfeiting in New Zealand. Kirdan Lees presents in our fourth article an overview of a recent workshop held at the Reserve Bank on technical advances ...
... with public nervousness about the state of the financial sector. The article also discusses the physical quality of our banknotes, and the rate of counterfeiting in New Zealand. Kirdan Lees presents in our fourth article an overview of a recent workshop held at the Reserve Bank on technical advances ...
The new Basel liquidity standards and their implementation into EU
... are both central bank eligible and highly liquid in private markets. For the longer end of the buffer, a broader set of liquid assets might be appropriate, subject to the bank demonstrating the ability to generate liquidity from them under stress within the specified period of time. Note: A few memb ...
... are both central bank eligible and highly liquid in private markets. For the longer end of the buffer, a broader set of liquid assets might be appropriate, subject to the bank demonstrating the ability to generate liquidity from them under stress within the specified period of time. Note: A few memb ...
International Activities of Australian Banks
... Developments in international debt securities and deposit funding In the years leading up to the global financial crisis, Australian banks’ international liabilities grew at a faster pace than their balance sheets. During this period, the major Australian banks raised funds domestically or in variou ...
... Developments in international debt securities and deposit funding In the years leading up to the global financial crisis, Australian banks’ international liabilities grew at a faster pace than their balance sheets. During this period, the major Australian banks raised funds domestically or in variou ...
CURRENCY COMPETITION VERSUS GOVERNMENTAL MONEY MONOPOLIES Roland Vaubel
... question which cannot be answered as long as free currency competition from private issuers is not permitted.’8 Monetary history does not provide a clear answer (Vaubel 1978a, pp. 387—401). Whether “Subsidies may be justified even if marginal cost pricing is not the aim (because the additional taxat ...
... question which cannot be answered as long as free currency competition from private issuers is not permitted.’8 Monetary history does not provide a clear answer (Vaubel 1978a, pp. 387—401). Whether “Subsidies may be justified even if marginal cost pricing is not the aim (because the additional taxat ...
Money and Velocity During Financial Crises: From the Great
... money growth has averaged only slightly above a 6 percent annual pace—not enough to prevent some slowing in nominal GDP growth and inflation during the recent subpar recovery from the crisis.2 The moderate pace of money growth reflects the interaction of two forces: the extraordinary expansion of th ...
... money growth has averaged only slightly above a 6 percent annual pace—not enough to prevent some slowing in nominal GDP growth and inflation during the recent subpar recovery from the crisis.2 The moderate pace of money growth reflects the interaction of two forces: the extraordinary expansion of th ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... consumers may be less receptive to the strong urban orientation of mainstream banks, thus hampering banks‘ ability to generate sustainable aggregate demand advantage on a large scale. Thus, an effective policy intervention framework must emphasize the demand aggregation capabilities of different ban ...
... consumers may be less receptive to the strong urban orientation of mainstream banks, thus hampering banks‘ ability to generate sustainable aggregate demand advantage on a large scale. Thus, an effective policy intervention framework must emphasize the demand aggregation capabilities of different ban ...
Workshop on national accounts and financial statistics, June 2011
... each sector of the economy: production accounts, income and outlay accounts, capital accounts, financial accounts, reconciliation accounts and balance sheets (see box for a ...
... each sector of the economy: production accounts, income and outlay accounts, capital accounts, financial accounts, reconciliation accounts and balance sheets (see box for a ...
File
... Which of the following instruments is NOT used by the Federal Reserve to change the money supply? a. the discount rate c. the federal tax code b. the required reserve ratio d. open market operations The most-used instrument for controlling week-to-week changes in the money supply is a. the required ...
... Which of the following instruments is NOT used by the Federal Reserve to change the money supply? a. the discount rate c. the federal tax code b. the required reserve ratio d. open market operations The most-used instrument for controlling week-to-week changes in the money supply is a. the required ...
The Great Depression, the Current Crisis and Old
... problem. The de…cit to GDP ratio in this year was almost three times higher than the highest such ratio during all the years of the GD. The contrast with the …scal policy response during the current crisis cannot be overemphasized. Following the demise of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 Congress a ...
... problem. The de…cit to GDP ratio in this year was almost three times higher than the highest such ratio during all the years of the GD. The contrast with the …scal policy response during the current crisis cannot be overemphasized. Following the demise of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 Congress a ...
The Dynamic Macro Model with Money
... Introducing money into our model brings with it the introduction of banks. Banks have two roles in the real world and we want to include both of these in our model. Firstly, ...
... Introducing money into our model brings with it the introduction of banks. Banks have two roles in the real world and we want to include both of these in our model. Firstly, ...
Why Commercial Banks Don`t Create Money
... current accounts ‘immediate settlement finality’, as the BoE puts it, in as close a simulacrum to cash as possible. At the same time a tiny quantity of cash does flow in and out of the system providing true immediate settlement finality for cash transactions, undisturbed by such eventualities as int ...
... current accounts ‘immediate settlement finality’, as the BoE puts it, in as close a simulacrum to cash as possible. At the same time a tiny quantity of cash does flow in and out of the system providing true immediate settlement finality for cash transactions, undisturbed by such eventualities as int ...
Financial Crises and Money Demand in Jamaica
... A second phase of reform came with the liberalisation of 1990/91, the deregulation of interest rates, the floating of the exchange rate and the opening of international financial flows. As shown in graph 1 & 2 and discussed below these reforms produced a period of steady growth in the M2 : GDP ratio ...
... A second phase of reform came with the liberalisation of 1990/91, the deregulation of interest rates, the floating of the exchange rate and the opening of international financial flows. As shown in graph 1 & 2 and discussed below these reforms produced a period of steady growth in the M2 : GDP ratio ...
Bulletin Contents Volume 76 No. 3, September 2013
... eroded only gradually. This excess capacity resulted in subdued pressures on the price of productive resources, dampening non-tradables inflation. These subdued pressures have been particularly evident in the labour market, with subdued labour demand resulting in belowaverage employment growth and u ...
... eroded only gradually. This excess capacity resulted in subdued pressures on the price of productive resources, dampening non-tradables inflation. These subdued pressures have been particularly evident in the labour market, with subdued labour demand resulting in belowaverage employment growth and u ...
Can the Fed Stop Deflation?
... Yet another sneers, “Get real,” and likens anyone concerned about deflation to “small children.” One maverick economist whose model accommodates deflation and who actually expects a period of deflation is nevertheless convinced that it will be a “good deflation” and “nothing to fear.” On financial t ...
... Yet another sneers, “Get real,” and likens anyone concerned about deflation to “small children.” One maverick economist whose model accommodates deflation and who actually expects a period of deflation is nevertheless convinced that it will be a “good deflation” and “nothing to fear.” On financial t ...
Banks, Market Organization, and Macroeconomic Performance: An Agent-Based Computational Analysis ∗ Quamrul Ashraf
... provided numerous answers to this question, many of which are common knowledge. This paper develops an agent-based computational model to examine a relatively unexplored channel through which banks can influence macroeconomic performance, namely, their role in what Jevons called the “mechanism of ex ...
... provided numerous answers to this question, many of which are common knowledge. This paper develops an agent-based computational model to examine a relatively unexplored channel through which banks can influence macroeconomic performance, namely, their role in what Jevons called the “mechanism of ex ...
Money and Inflation - The Economics Network
... Consumers need money to purchase goods and services. The quantity of money is related to the number of pounds exchanged in transactions. The link between transactions and money is expressed in the quantity equation. On the left hand side, “M” is the quantity of money, “V” is the velocity of money, a ...
... Consumers need money to purchase goods and services. The quantity of money is related to the number of pounds exchanged in transactions. The link between transactions and money is expressed in the quantity equation. On the left hand side, “M” is the quantity of money, “V” is the velocity of money, a ...
money-inflation
... inflation rate rises, the nominal interest rate rises by the same amount, and the real interest rate stays the same. Many people think that inflation makes them poorer because it raises the cost of what they buy. This view is a fallacy because inflation also raises nominal incomes. ...
... inflation rate rises, the nominal interest rate rises by the same amount, and the real interest rate stays the same. Many people think that inflation makes them poorer because it raises the cost of what they buy. This view is a fallacy because inflation also raises nominal incomes. ...
What is the Appropriate Size of the Banking System?
... this list, 17 of the 29 G-SIBs are European banks. However, being a large international bank is not necessarily troublesome as this allows for ‘risk diversification’ (Dermine and Schoenmaker, 2010). A good example is Spain where small Spanish banks are currently more exposed to the real estate bubbl ...
... this list, 17 of the 29 G-SIBs are European banks. However, being a large international bank is not necessarily troublesome as this allows for ‘risk diversification’ (Dermine and Schoenmaker, 2010). A good example is Spain where small Spanish banks are currently more exposed to the real estate bubbl ...
understanding the irish banking crisis - TRAP@NCI
... What became known as the government bank guarantee of covered institutions was followed by the failure of all six banks over the following two years. This failure caused Ireland to pay an estimated €60 billion of private bank debt in order to protect the entire banking system from collapse. Cebula e ...
... What became known as the government bank guarantee of covered institutions was followed by the failure of all six banks over the following two years. This failure caused Ireland to pay an estimated €60 billion of private bank debt in order to protect the entire banking system from collapse. Cebula e ...
Section 3 The Money Market
... – In the short-run, prices are fixed and output constant. The rise in M reduces i, which causes a depreciation of the USD against foreign currencies (a rise in S). – In the long-run prices are flexible and output at full employment. The rise in M does not affect i, but cause a depreciation of the US ...
... – In the short-run, prices are fixed and output constant. The rise in M reduces i, which causes a depreciation of the USD against foreign currencies (a rise in S). – In the long-run prices are flexible and output at full employment. The rise in M does not affect i, but cause a depreciation of the US ...