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A Model of Unconventional Monetary Policy Mark Gertler and Peter Karadi NYU
A Model of Unconventional Monetary Policy Mark Gertler and Peter Karadi NYU

... section 3. We do so under different assumptions about the efficiency costs of central bank intermediation. We then compute for each case the net welfare gains from the optimal credit market intervention. We find that so long as the efficiency costs are quite modest, the gains may be quite significant. As ...
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... Unfortunately, people too often confuse "money" with "wealth.” Wealth may, but does not always, consist of money, because wealth need not be capable of performing the special function of money. And even a very large quantity of some types of money— for example, German paper marks from the period of ...
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... focuses on the balance-sheet position of the lenders (e.g., banks), and how this can impact their funding conditions and loan supply. In particular, better-capitalized banks are able to attract funds at cheaper rates, which allows them to lend to households and businesses at reduced rates. This cha ...
SIXTEENTH BI-ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MONETARY POLICY
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... months to April 2016. The monetary policy stance during the period was aimed at maintaining inflation within the Government’s target range of 2.5 percent on either side of the 5 percent medium-term target. This is consistent with the price stability objective of the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). The ...
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... can decide to control 1. The quantity of money (the monetary base), or 2. The price of Canadian money on the foreign exchange market (the exchange rate), or 3. The opportunity cost of holding money (the short-term interest rate). The Bank can set only one of these instruments. © 2010 Pearson Educati ...
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... Since then, the pass through from depreciation to prices had, however, became so direct and extremely vicious, under the environment of excessive speculation. This price formation was consistent with the findings of Odedokun (1997), who concluded that currency depreciation in the official and parall ...
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... authority based on Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act, its basic legal authorization, which requires the Fed to make a determination that the circumstances are “unusual and exigent”. As long as the Fed is able to make this determination (and be credible to Congress and the public), these faci ...
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... site fee, record it here in the right-hand column until the date of the event (the bank account balance is debited when the check is written). On the date of the event, if no part of the site fee was refundable, the entire amount is removed from the site advance column and expensed as a site fee (wi ...
Optimal seigniorage and financial liberalization
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... The current integration of international capital markets is creating an inescapable dilemma for governments relying on the taxation of their domestic financial sector. In the European Community (EC), in particular, competition from foreign financial markets is likely to lead to a substantial loss in ...
Chapter 16: Monetary Policy
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... uncertainties, and also because among the transmission channels of monetary policy to the economy, the credit channel is indicated by empirical evidence as being an important transmission mechanism (Bernanke and Blinder, 1992; Kashyap et al., 1993; Gertler and Gilchrist, 1993 and 1994; Kashyap and S ...
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Van Egmond and De Vries - Sustainable Finance Model
Van Egmond and De Vries - Sustainable Finance Model

... coordination, (monetary) economic growth by decentralized money creation brings about the unjustified euphoric herd behavior of the many private banks creating too much money, in the belief of and speculating on an ongoing rise of asset prices. The Central Bank does not have the possibility to contr ...
Stock Market Liquidity, Financial Crisis and Quantitative Easing
Stock Market Liquidity, Financial Crisis and Quantitative Easing

... banking system strengthens overall economic growth. QE implementation in the U.S. may also impact other economies. Morgan (2011) investigates possible impacts of US QE policy on Asian economies and financial markets finding a widespread impact on other economies as well as the U.S. The FED’s impleme ...
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Fractional-reserve banking

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, and holds reserves that are a fraction of the amount of its deposit liabilities. Reserves are held at the bank as currency, or as deposits in the bank's accounts at the central bank. Fractional-reserve banking is the current form of banking practiced in most countries worldwide.Fractional-reserve banking allows banks to act as financial intermediaries between borrowers and savers, and to provide longer-term loans to borrowers while providing immediate liquidity to depositors (providing the function of maturity transformation). However, a bank can experience a bank run if depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. To mitigate the risks of bank runs and systemic crises (when problems are extreme and widespread), governments of most countries regulate and oversee commercial banks, provide deposit insurance and act as lender of last resort to commercial banks.Because bank deposits are usually considered money in their own right, and because banks hold reserves that are less than their deposit liabilities, fractional-reserve banking permits the money supply to grow beyond the amount of the underlying reserves of base money originally created by the central bank. In most countries, the central bank (or other monetary authority) regulates bank credit creation, imposing reserve requirements and capital adequacy ratios. This can limit the amount of money creation that occurs in the commercial banking system, and helps to ensure that banks are solvent and have enough funds to meet demand for withdrawals. However, rather than directly controlling the money supply, central banks usually pursue an interest rate target to control inflation and bank issuance of credit.
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