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The Domestic Financial System and Capital Flows
The Domestic Financial System and Capital Flows

... years. As a result, the gap between the lending and deposit rates is very high. For one year term deposit, the rate is only 2.25% while the benchmark rate of one year loan is 5.58%. The lending-borrowing rates differential of 3.33% is very high compared to international standard. The large lending-b ...
Major Issues in the Regulation of Financial Institutions
Major Issues in the Regulation of Financial Institutions

... of interest-bearing debt. The likely consequences of an attempt by banks to raise interest rates on loans is that the monopoly banks will hold a larger share of the outstanding stock of government debt and have a lower ratio of loans to earning assets or deposits. But non-bank lenders then hold fewe ...
Do shadow banks create money? - Post
Do shadow banks create money? - Post

... the emergence of non-bank entities which deal in financial markets and possess balance sheets which have many of the characteristics of those of banks. In particular, these institutions engage in maturity transformation—funding themselves with short term instruments (such as asset-backed commercial ...
What characteristics of an asset make it useful as a medium of
What characteristics of an asset make it useful as a medium of

... easily and quickly), divisible (so people can provide change), and difficult to counterfeit (so people will not print their own money). That is why nearly all countries use paper money with fancy designs for larger denominations and coins for smaller denominations. For an asset to be useful as a sto ...
Money Multiplier
Money Multiplier

... Open-Market Operations – the purchase and sale of U.S. government bonds by the Fed – Most often used tool of the Fed – Buy bonds from the public - increase money supply • Easy money policy - expands the economy, causes prices to go up, encourages banks to lend money to consumers – Decrease money sup ...
- CIMB Group
- CIMB Group

Working With Our Basic Aggregate Demand / Supply Model
Working With Our Basic Aggregate Demand / Supply Model

... In an open economy, higher interest rates attract capital from abroad. As foreigners buy more dollars to buy U.S. bonds and other financial assets, the dollar appreciates. In turn, the appreciation of the dollar causes net exports to fall. Thus, as a result of increased budget deficits, higher inter ...
The Measurement of Money Supply
The Measurement of Money Supply

... relative to other macroeconomic targets including inflation and economic ...
Narrow banking with modern depository institutions: Is there a
Narrow banking with modern depository institutions: Is there a

... done with reserves. The second reason is to satisfy reserve requirements wherever these requirements are in place. Thus, reserve demand is driven both by regulation as well as by the netting of payments derived from the loan and deposit creation to finance economic activity. Reserve supply, on the o ...
Macroeconomic Implications of Scaling
Macroeconomic Implications of Scaling

... Ugandan experience  Overestimation of absorption and ability to raise domestic revenue in the expenditure framework  A build of internal public debt negating the positive effects of debt relief  Short-term choice between higher inflation or higher public debt  Limit to the sale of foreign excha ...
The importance of being separated
The importance of being separated

... activity and should, as far as possible, be grouped together. Because of their inherently similar nature attempts to split trading activities will result in complications. For example, attempts to split proprietary trading from other trading under the so-called Volcker rule in the U.S. have led to e ...
here - SLU Web File Manager
here - SLU Web File Manager

... Though I won’t expect you to have remembered every detail, I will assume that you have some familiarity with the various macro models (especially Keynesianism) and the Phillips curve. There are several goals in this class. First, we will try to understand the history, institutions, and operation of ...
MoneyBankingPractice..
MoneyBankingPractice..

... 15. List and describe the three functions of money. 16. Explain why it is not necessary for paper money to be backed by some commodity (e.g. gold) before it can have value. 17. List and describe the three major monetary policy tools the Federal Reserve can use to increase the money supply. Be specif ...
Commercial Banks Profitability Indicators: Empirical Evidence from
Commercial Banks Profitability Indicators: Empirical Evidence from

... positive impact on profitability as measured by ROA and ROE. The methodology used in the present research can be applied to determine not only profitability indicators of some commercial bank in particular, but also to compare performance indicators of several banks. Having conducted the present res ...
lecture 10
lecture 10

...  The monetary liabilities of the Fed include:  Reserves: In Financial Accounting, the term reserve is most commonly used to describe any part of shareholder’s equity, except for basic share capital. In nonprofit accounting, an "operating reserve" is commonly used to refer to unrestricted cash on h ...
Bank Lending During the Financial Crisis of 2008
Bank Lending During the Financial Crisis of 2008

... Economic magnitude: banks with revolving line exposure to Lehman one standard deviation above the mean (12%) cut lending by 44%, while banks with Lehman exposure one standard deviation below the mean (0%) cut lending by only 25% ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... • Determines and manages monetary policy • Central banks create money - they print currency • Control availability of money and credit ...
“normal” interest rate be?
“normal” interest rate be?

... • The US has the advantage of its currency and a continuum of innovations (shale gas innovation in US has helped the US cut current account deficit by 50%) to continue with low interest rate, but not all countries can have this luxury. • In the UK, market has been pricing a hike in interest rate soo ...
WHAT FACTORS CAN PREDICT THAT A BANK WILL GET IN
WHAT FACTORS CAN PREDICT THAT A BANK WILL GET IN

Questions Every Banker Would Like to Ask About
Questions Every Banker Would Like to Ask About

... What is the future for private banking? Private banking at its best still requires an institution to have in place a highly sophisticated management information system to track all of its accountholders on a global basis. Private banks will also need to have a cadre of highly trained relationship m ...
method or the
method or the

Banking Problems in Emerging Economies
Banking Problems in Emerging Economies

... Factors that make the Fed more independent:  Not funded by Congress  Members of the Board of Governors have long (14year) terms Factors that make the Fed less independent:  The Fed was created by Congress, so Congress can pass legislation that changes the Fed’s structure, procedures, or policies ...
8 MONEY, THE PRICE LEVEL, AND INFLATION**
8 MONEY, THE PRICE LEVEL, AND INFLATION**

... A bank manager tells you that she doesn’t create money. She just lends the money that people deposit. Explain why she’s wrong. Though the manager does not see the entire process, nonetheless the loans the manager makes create more deposits and more money. Point out to the manager that when she makes ...
Narrow Banking
Narrow Banking

... Liabilities are demandable equity shares having a proportional claim on the assets. 3. Prime Money Market Mutual Fund (PMMMF): Assets are Treasury bills and shortterm Federal agency securities, short-term bank certificates of deposits, bankers’ acceptances, highly rated commercial paper, and repurch ...
2. Natural Hierarchy of Money
2. Natural Hierarchy of Money

... In this hierarchy, where is the dividing line between money and credit? It is tempting to draw the line between currency (and everything above it) as money, and deposits (and everything below it) as credit. The source of this temptation is the institutional fact that currency is the final means of s ...
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Fractional-reserve banking

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, and holds reserves that are a fraction of the amount of its deposit liabilities. Reserves are held at the bank as currency, or as deposits in the bank's accounts at the central bank. Fractional-reserve banking is the current form of banking practiced in most countries worldwide.Fractional-reserve banking allows banks to act as financial intermediaries between borrowers and savers, and to provide longer-term loans to borrowers while providing immediate liquidity to depositors (providing the function of maturity transformation). However, a bank can experience a bank run if depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. To mitigate the risks of bank runs and systemic crises (when problems are extreme and widespread), governments of most countries regulate and oversee commercial banks, provide deposit insurance and act as lender of last resort to commercial banks.Because bank deposits are usually considered money in their own right, and because banks hold reserves that are less than their deposit liabilities, fractional-reserve banking permits the money supply to grow beyond the amount of the underlying reserves of base money originally created by the central bank. In most countries, the central bank (or other monetary authority) regulates bank credit creation, imposing reserve requirements and capital adequacy ratios. This can limit the amount of money creation that occurs in the commercial banking system, and helps to ensure that banks are solvent and have enough funds to meet demand for withdrawals. However, rather than directly controlling the money supply, central banks usually pursue an interest rate target to control inflation and bank issuance of credit.
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