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how can we measure things in space?
how can we measure things in space?

Astronomers Find Extremely Large Planet
Astronomers Find Extremely Large Planet

... AU = 93 million miles, the distance from Earth to the Sun.). The diameter of our solar system, as defined by the most distant planets, is approximately 60 AU. But the disk of our solar system extends beyond the planets to several hundred or even one-thousand Astronomical Units, as traced by the come ...
Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars: Giants, Dwarfs, and the Main
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... • Radial - along our line of sight * ___________________ - annual movement of a star across the sky as seen from Earth • _____________________ has the largest known proper motion of any star – 10.3"/year – Most stars have proper motions less than 1”/year ...
AY5 Announcements
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... •  This is a chargeless, nearly massless particle which has a tiny crossection for interaction with other types of matter. The mean free path in lead is five light years. •  Neutrinos were first postulated in 1932 to account for missing angular momentum and energy in betadecay reactions (when a prot ...
Brightness and Flux Density
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... We start with the simplest possible case of radiation traveling from a source through empty space (so there is no absorption, scattering, or emission along the way) to an observer. In the ray-optics approximation, radiated energy flows in straight lines. This approximation is valid only for systems ...
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... we will first imagine a world in which the Earth's axis actually points right at the Sun(the equivalent of a 90° tilt), so that the Sun is directly overhead for someone standing at the North pole. As the Earth spins now, the illuminated half of its surface is always the Northern hemisphere, and the ...
Habitability of planets around Red Dwarf Stars
Habitability of planets around Red Dwarf Stars

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... The reason for this variation is the fact that the Earth's axis is not, in fact, perpendicular to the line from Earth to Sun. Rather, it tilts away from perpendicular by 23.5°. In this Activity, we will investigate the effects of this tilt, and see how it can explain these variations. To clarify th ...
Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited
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Lecture 10 - Lick Observatory
Lecture 10 - Lick Observatory

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... • Where do a plant, a grasshopper, a chicken, and a human get their food? Answers may include: Plants take sunlight and turn it into food. Grasshoppers feed on plants. Chickens eat grasshoppers. Humans eat chickens, and perhaps grasshoppers. • What is the relationship between the various parts of th ...
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... ***August 18 - Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter. Conjunctions are rare events where two or more objects will appear extremely close together in the night sky. The two brightest planets will come unusually close to each other, only a quarter of a degree, in the early morning sky. Also, the beehive cl ...
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... • If the universe is expanding then it is getting bigger so we can see further than just the speed of light times the age of the universe. c • This is a common mistake made by astronomers and astrophysicist when thinking cosmologically. It works for small non cosmological distances. ...
Moon, Super-Moon, Planets of the Solar System
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... FIG. 2. Half of the Moon is always lit by the Sun as shown in the inner circle. As the Moon orbits the Earth, we see different parts of the lighted area. The revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon look as if it is changing shape in the sky. This is caused by different angles from whi ...
Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty. She is known as
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... Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty. She is known as Aphrodite in Greek mythology. The planet is so named probably because it is the brightest of the planets known to the ancients. This is the symbol for Venus: Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and the sixth largest of all the nine ...
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Section 3.5 The Earth, Moon, and Sun

... 333,000 times more massive than the earth and barely accelerates at all. Thus the earth does virtually all of the moving. We might expect the earth to accelerate quickly, reach an enormous velocity, and smash catastrophically into the sun. Fortunately, the earth and the sun didn’t start out at rest ...
The Rigel Star - Emmi
The Rigel Star - Emmi

... Protostar: a contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to become a star. Supernova: the really bright explosion of a dying supergiant star. Black Hole: an object whose gravity is so powerful that nothing, not even light, can escape. Neutron Star: the small, dense remains of a supergiant sta ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... Andromeda galaxy- 2.2 million years ago ...
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Astronomical unit

The astronomical unit (symbol au, AU or ua) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from the Earth to the Sun. However, that distance varies as the Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once a year. Originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion, it is now defined as exactly 7011149597870700000♠149597870700 meters (about 150 million kilometers, or 93 million miles). The astronomical unit is used primarily as a convenient yardstick for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. However, it is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, the parsec.
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