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... lobes - like the cerebrum • anterior and posterior lobes – has a superficial layer of gray matter called the cerebellar cortex - like the brain – deep to this gray matter are tracts of white matter and gray matter nuclei – like the cerebrum – evaluates and coordinates involuntary and voluntary motor ...
Brain
Brain

... to the left motor cortex can lead to paralysis on the right side of the body. ► Damage to the left sensory cortex can lead to loss of sensation on the right side of the body. ► Damage to Broca’s area relates to laboured, slow speech with impaired articulation. ► Damage to Wernicke’s area relates to ...
Ch 15 Notes: The Autonomic Nervous System 2012
Ch 15 Notes: The Autonomic Nervous System 2012

... The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the lateral gray horns of the 12 thoracic and first two or three lumbar segments in the spinal cord. This division is called the THORACOLUMBAR division, and the axons of the symnpathetic preganglionic neurons are known as the thoracolumbar ...
Neurons
Neurons

...  A strong stimulus can trigger more neurons to fire, and to fire more often, but all action potentials are of the ...
P312Ch04C_BeyondV1
P312Ch04C_BeyondV1

... 3) May be a separate area in the inferotemporal lobe containing neurons which respond to face-like stimuli. The fusiform face area has been identified in humans. It’s under the temporal lobe. 4) Ramachandran has suggested that there may be as many as 30 different processing modules. Each one contain ...
THE TELL-TALE BRAIN:
THE TELL-TALE BRAIN:

... cortex/fusiform area, which represents visual shapes. Arrows depict two-way interactions that may have emerged in human evolution: 1, connections between the fusiform area (visual processing) and auditory cortex mediate the bouba-kiki effect. The cross-modal abstraction required for this probably re ...
Long-term depression
Long-term depression

...  deviations from intended movement ~ ...
14. Assessment of the nervous system
14. Assessment of the nervous system

... Reflex consists of: afferent part (which accepts information) central part (that keeps information) efferent part (that creates response) As a result we have a circle – like structure - receptor (primary information centre) – programme centre – executive apparatus ...
Tactile Stimulation
Tactile Stimulation

... applied around each subject's knee joint during maximal voluntary contraction measurement after vibration. For the non-taping condition, tape was not applied during maximal voluntary contraction measurement after vibration. Mean percentage changes between pre- and post-vibration stimulation were com ...
Controlling Robots with the Mind
Controlling Robots with the Mind

... The big question is, of course, whether we can make a practical, reliable system. Doctors have no means by which to repair spinal cord breaks or damaged brains. In the distant future, neuroscientists may be able to regenerate injured neurons or program stem cells (those capable of differentiating in ...
Ch14 notes Martini 9e
Ch14 notes Martini 9e

... • Coordinates access to complex visual and auditory memories • Other Integrative Areas • Speech center • Is associated with general interpretive area • Coordinates all vocalization functions • Prefrontal cortex of frontal lobe • Integrates information from sensory association areas • Performs abstra ...
NeuroExam_Ross_Jim_v1 - Somatic Systems Institute
NeuroExam_Ross_Jim_v1 - Somatic Systems Institute

... reestablish communication between our sensory and motor systems so we can accurately sense what we’re doing and have conscious control over it. In a healthy sensory-motor system a decision is made to move (for example) your hand, at which point neurons in the motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions

... 1. How does the brain detect and identify odors? Olfactory receptor cells in the nose send signals to the brain's olfactory bulb. The cerebral cortex identifies the odor based on the specific membrane-bound receptor proteins that have transmitted the impulse. 2. How does a taste bud function? A tast ...
Presentation 5: The Role of the Nervous System
Presentation 5: The Role of the Nervous System

... Competition between excitation and inhibition occurs  Threshold stimulus reached? NMJ or motor end plate ...
Lecture Slides - Austin Community College
Lecture Slides - Austin Community College

... Three general kinds of functional areas • Sensory areas • Association areas • Motor areas Each of the major senses has a specific brain region called a primary sensory ...
Some Speculative Hypotheses about the Nature
Some Speculative Hypotheses about the Nature

... has been processed in any number of other areas (Martin, 2002). It is difficult to see how the different attributes of a scene that are analysed in specialized areas would otherwise be integrated into a visual image, a feature of the visual system often referred to as the ‘binding problem’, a ‘probl ...
Nervous System Review ANSWERS File
Nervous System Review ANSWERS File

... 21. What is an endocrine gland? Organ that secretes hormones directly into the blood (compared to secreting hormones through a duct) 22. What is the neuroendocrine control centre. The hypothalamus 23. Explain the 2 ways that the hormones involved in homeostasis are controlled. Through negative feed ...
Open Document - Clinton Community College
Open Document - Clinton Community College

... Neuron at rest: ◦ Slightly negative charge ◦ Contains ions flowing back and forth ...
Handout - Genericity: Interpretation and Uses
Handout - Genericity: Interpretation and Uses

... The meaning of exist and occur, first approximation: (26) a. For a world w, an entity x that cannot have temporal parts, and an interval t,  [exist]w,t iff e consists in the presence of (the whole of) x in w at t’ for any subinterval t’ of t. b. For a world w, an entity e that can have tempo ...
Overview of the Reticular Formation (RF)
Overview of the Reticular Formation (RF)

... Overview of the “Diffuse modulatory system” Diffuse modulatory system in part corresponds to the Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) that is a physiological concept. The neurons of the diffuse modulatory system located around the border of the Reticular Formation and have long projections c ...
Belief-optimal Reasoning for Cyber
Belief-optimal Reasoning for Cyber

... progressively modifying symbol structures until it produces a solution structure.” ...
Motor Systems - Neuroanatomy
Motor Systems - Neuroanatomy

... spinal reflexes, and the LMNs provide the motor output pathway. One of the simplest and best studied reflexes is the stretch reflex - stretch a muscle and the reflex circuit leads to contraction of the same muscle. Stretch reflexes work to resist lengthening of a muscle. They are functionally effici ...
The Brain: How does it work?
The Brain: How does it work?

... in synch since the body emits and responds to sounds and vibrations.  Natural state of rest - 8 cycles per second (8 cps) corresponding with alpha brainwave state  Every function in the body has a modifiable, basic rhythmic pattern and vibratory rate that impacts our nerves through sound.  Body i ...
CaseStudyBrain2016
CaseStudyBrain2016

... Directions: Based on the information provided indicate as much as you can about the location of the brain damage experienced by each of the following individuals (Note answers may vary but be sure to explain your proposals). All of the following case studies are based on real patients. Case Study #1 ...
document
document

... representation on the medial surface of the hemisphere, called the supplementary motor area (SMA). As defined in this study, M1 and SMA each included several of the currently defined cortical motor areas. (B) Intracortical microstimulation of M1 in an owl monkey produced this map, consisting of a co ...
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Embodied language processing

Embodied cognition occurs when an organism’s sensorimotor capacities (ability of the body to respond to its senses with movement), body and environment play an important role in thinking. The way in which a person’s body and their surroundings interacts also allows for specific brain functions to develop and in the future to be able to act. This means that not only does the mind influence the body’s movements, but the body also influences the abilities of the mind. There are three generalizations that are assumed to be true relating to embodied cognition. A person's motor system (that controls movement of the body) is activated when (1) they observe manipulable objects, (2) process action verbs, and (3) observe another individual's movements.In order to create movement of the body, a person usually thinks (or the brain subconsciously functions) about the movement it would like to accomplish. Embodied language processing asserts that there can also be an opposite influence. This means that moving your body in a certain way will impact how you comprehend, as well as process, language – whether it is an individual word or a complete phrase or sentence. Embodied language processing suggests that the brain resources that are used for perception, action, and emotion are also used during language comprehension. Studies have found that participants are faster at comprehending a sentence when the picture that goes along with it matches the actions described in the sentence. Action and language about action have been found to be connected because the areas of the brain that control them overlap It has been found that action can influence how a person understands a word, phrase, or sentence, but language can also impact a person's actions.
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