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Hes1 and Hes3 regulate maintenance of the isthmic organizer and
Hes1 and Hes3 regulate maintenance of the isthmic organizer and

... and spinal cord but not in the forebrain. (b) At E9.5, Hes3 expression in the spinal cord is down-regulated. (c and d) At E10.5 and E11.5, Hes3 expression is restricted to the midbrain±hindbrain boundary region. The isthmic organizer is indicated by arrowheads. (B) In situ hybridization of Hes1. At ...
Anxiolytic action on the behavioural inhibition system implies
Anxiolytic action on the behavioural inhibition system implies

... information available at that time on the neural and behavioural actions of the anxiolytic drugs, the nature of theta activity and the neural and behavioural functions of the SHS. The explosion of data since its publication prompted us to produce a second edition of ‘‘The Neuropsychology of Anxiety’ ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review

... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory

... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium

... points (the minima of U), one at r~0 - the DOWN state -, the other at r~1 - the UP state -, depending on the initial condition. This corresponds to a bistable synapse. 2. For intermediate calcium concentrations (c(t)whd ), the synapse is depressed, with a depression rate cd . 3. For large calcium co ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene

... graphene underneath either dehydrated or fixed retinal tissues, verifying that the photocurrent responses generated in the graphene underneath the ONH were indeed induced by the electrical activity in living retina. This method not only provides a way to investigate electrical processes in living ret ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and

A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway

... different regions (e.g. basal or apical tuft) of dendritic trees of pyramidal neurons20 . We hypoth- ...
Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology Roadmap
Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology Roadmap

... available channels, until an idle channel was found and extended to sensor the message sent. If an idle channel was not found, the networks. node would back off, setting a random timeout timer for each channel. It would then use the channel with the first expired timer and clear the timers of the ot ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior

... neurons support relational representations of space that localize object components with respect to each other, we developed an object construction task that monkeys could perform and recorded neural activity in posterior parietal area 7a. We previously reported that, during this task, the firing rat ...
Reward and Aversion
Reward and Aversion

Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a
Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a

... between the neurons. When analyzed in the frequency domain, a sharp peak is produced as the system becomes more periodic, which can be used as a measure of synchrony. The synchrony follows a bell-shaped curve as noise intensity increases (Neiman et al. 1997). While SR in a single element has been ve ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains

... identically distributed (i.i.d.) with a fixed interval distribution f (x), implying a constant point process intensity, or spike rate. Renewal models of spiking can be defined by specifying an arbitrary interval distribution. One prominent example is the Poisson process. Its points occur at constant ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Test - University of South Florida
CURRICULUM VITAE - Test - University of South Florida

... is limited to the contribution of one, the contribution I make as a teacher is that of thousands. The separation of research, reporting and teaching is an artificial construct; it is all a continuum. The teaching part of science is just as important as the research. My goal in teaching medical and g ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L

Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus

Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab

... reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism had physiological needs that induced drives to obtain rewards. Rewards then reduced the drives by satisfying the needs. Although appealing and parsimonious, it did not explain why people woul ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in

... also occurs in the normal visual field where there is no deficit of visual inputs. In one example, stabilization of the border of a surface on the retina causes fillingin. For instance, when steady fixation is maintained, the contrast of an object in the peripheral visual field gradually decreases, ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence

... Somatosensorial system. The somatosensory system responds to different sorts of stimulus: touch, vibration, body position, temperature or pain. The receptive fields in such system comprise a limited region of the skin or the internal organs where a stimulus can elicit a neuronal response. The size o ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
Normalization as a canonical neural computation

Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus

... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo

... billion times more and neo-cortical simulator result is half of the biological data. An obvious reason for such error in the simulation is lack of physical interconnections that shall account for significant power consumption. Yet, the intelligence of the brain is not achieved. Hence, mapping the br ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention

Overo Lethal White Foal Syndrome
Overo Lethal White Foal Syndrome

... anywhere on a horse’s body. The American Paint Horse Association recognizes two distinct types of white coat pattern: overo and tobiano1 (A). The term overo comprises three different subtypes (i.e., frame overo, sabino, and splashed white) and is generally given to any paint horse that is not tobian ...
Meerkat Manor: An approach to simulated, genetic co
Meerkat Manor: An approach to simulated, genetic co

... Adding food worked well, as meerkats were able to learn how to move appropriately when food is nearby. Mind you, no hawks are present yet. It’s merely meerkats and food in a safe environment. Yet, the meerkats were still often too good; they initially ate all the food quickly and died due to starvat ...
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Recurrent neural network

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between units form a directed cycle. This creates an internal state of the network which allows it to exhibit dynamic temporal behavior. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal memory to process arbitrary sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition
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