The Neuroscientist
... provide high functional sensitivity as the statistical power is increased (Aguirre and D’Esposito 2000). Yet single-event real-time fMRI has also been applied. Posse and colleagues (2001) characterized the variability of the hemodynamic impulse response in primary and supplementary motor cortex in c ...
... provide high functional sensitivity as the statistical power is increased (Aguirre and D’Esposito 2000). Yet single-event real-time fMRI has also been applied. Posse and colleagues (2001) characterized the variability of the hemodynamic impulse response in primary and supplementary motor cortex in c ...
PERSPECTIVES
... well as hand-grasping movements performed by an experimenter. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from various arm and hand muscles. As a control, motor cortex was stimulated during the presentation of three-dimensional objects and during a dimming-detection task that is highly demanding on ...
... well as hand-grasping movements performed by an experimenter. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from various arm and hand muscles. As a control, motor cortex was stimulated during the presentation of three-dimensional objects and during a dimming-detection task that is highly demanding on ...
Contemporary Principles of Pathologic Neurotoxicity Assessment in
... Losing these cells yields profound long-term negative effects. Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter, involved in regulating normal functions as well as diseases (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, vomiting). Drugs which interact with the serotonergic system include Prozac, Zofran and ma ...
... Losing these cells yields profound long-term negative effects. Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter, involved in regulating normal functions as well as diseases (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, vomiting). Drugs which interact with the serotonergic system include Prozac, Zofran and ma ...
Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious inhibition of
... of the response activated by the first stimulus and allow responses associated with new stimuli (Jaskowski, in press; Jaskowski and Przekoracka-Krawczyk, 2005; Lleras and Enns, 2006). While this debate is also tangential to our main purpose of simply studying whether SEF and SMA are associated with ...
... of the response activated by the first stimulus and allow responses associated with new stimuli (Jaskowski, in press; Jaskowski and Przekoracka-Krawczyk, 2005; Lleras and Enns, 2006). While this debate is also tangential to our main purpose of simply studying whether SEF and SMA are associated with ...
Beyond Control: The Dynamics of Brain-Body
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
Functional Dissociation of Attentional Selection within PFC
... acquired using the BOLD technique (TR = 2500 ms, TE = 40 ms, flip angle = 90°), each consisting of 20 contiguous axial slices (matrix = 64 3 64, inplane resolution = 3.75 3 3.75 mm2, thickness = 6 mm, gap = 0.9 mm), parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. Prior to the EPI image ...
... acquired using the BOLD technique (TR = 2500 ms, TE = 40 ms, flip angle = 90°), each consisting of 20 contiguous axial slices (matrix = 64 3 64, inplane resolution = 3.75 3 3.75 mm2, thickness = 6 mm, gap = 0.9 mm), parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. Prior to the EPI image ...
Theoretical Systems Neuroscience
... The main function of the brain is to make use of perceptual input to generate relevant behavioral output. In order to do this, it needs to create and manipulate informative representations of the world. To start with the basics, we only focus on a tiny as ...
... The main function of the brain is to make use of perceptual input to generate relevant behavioral output. In order to do this, it needs to create and manipulate informative representations of the world. To start with the basics, we only focus on a tiny as ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... cortex. We conclude that FEF and PPC are associated with the generation of both reflexive and remembered saccades, with SMA additionally involved during remembered saccades. Sustained voluntary fixation is mediated by prefrontal cortex. ...
... cortex. We conclude that FEF and PPC are associated with the generation of both reflexive and remembered saccades, with SMA additionally involved during remembered saccades. Sustained voluntary fixation is mediated by prefrontal cortex. ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... Top–down behavioral approaches have become more focused in using anatomically localized manipulations of cholinergic modulation. Bottom–up cellular data from brain slice physiology can be linked to behavior by using detailed computational models. Future work should combine local pharmacological mani ...
... Top–down behavioral approaches have become more focused in using anatomically localized manipulations of cholinergic modulation. Bottom–up cellular data from brain slice physiology can be linked to behavior by using detailed computational models. Future work should combine local pharmacological mani ...
Change Management –MBA625 LECTURE # 2 KURT LEWIN
... ways of doing things. The purpose in this phase is to stabilize new learning. This can be done through behavioral reinforcement. In this stage again the effectiveness of performance –reward linkage is considered to be the part of enabling environment. New behavior is to be internalized. Important no ...
... ways of doing things. The purpose in this phase is to stabilize new learning. This can be done through behavioral reinforcement. In this stage again the effectiveness of performance –reward linkage is considered to be the part of enabling environment. New behavior is to be internalized. Important no ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... as a likely substrate for the rewarding effect of MFB stimulation. They also suggest that dopaminergic projection systems may not form part of the reward pathway itself. Behavioral experiments, using methods for determining quantitative properties of the neural substrate, have led to the conclusion ...
... as a likely substrate for the rewarding effect of MFB stimulation. They also suggest that dopaminergic projection systems may not form part of the reward pathway itself. Behavioral experiments, using methods for determining quantitative properties of the neural substrate, have led to the conclusion ...
PDF
... Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in motivation and learning. However, it is unclear how phasic excitation of dopamine neurons, which is implicated in learning, is involved in motivation. Here we used a self-stimulation procedure to examine how mice seek for optogenetically-induced phasic exc ...
... Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in motivation and learning. However, it is unclear how phasic excitation of dopamine neurons, which is implicated in learning, is involved in motivation. Here we used a self-stimulation procedure to examine how mice seek for optogenetically-induced phasic exc ...
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... connections has so far been experimentally demonstrated at the single-neuron level. Neuropsychological studies have proposed a hypothesis for the role of the backward connections from limbic cortex to neocortex in the formation of long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory) (2–5). Beh ...
... connections has so far been experimentally demonstrated at the single-neuron level. Neuropsychological studies have proposed a hypothesis for the role of the backward connections from limbic cortex to neocortex in the formation of long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory) (2–5). Beh ...
Principles of Neural Science
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
.... _ ACKNOWLEDGMENT !_ This monograph is based on the
... The regional distribution of MDMA-induced silver staining does not correspond to the regional distribution of the vulnerable fine fibers. MDMA-induced silver staining is limited primarily to the frontoparietal cortex. It sometimes involves regions of posterior neocortex and striatum and is rarely ob ...
... The regional distribution of MDMA-induced silver staining does not correspond to the regional distribution of the vulnerable fine fibers. MDMA-induced silver staining is limited primarily to the frontoparietal cortex. It sometimes involves regions of posterior neocortex and striatum and is rarely ob ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... a. reticular formation. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. amygdala. e. thalamus. ____ 28. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. reticular formation. d. limbic system. e. angular gyrus. ____ 29. The thin surface layer of interconnect ...
... a. reticular formation. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. amygdala. e. thalamus. ____ 28. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. reticular formation. d. limbic system. e. angular gyrus. ____ 29. The thin surface layer of interconnect ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
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... greatly supported the case for the principle of maximization of local smoothness. The principle was not merely a verbal summary of cortical localization of function; it appeared to be able to make mathematically precise predictions about the details of cortical topography. Yet after the use of a dim ...
... greatly supported the case for the principle of maximization of local smoothness. The principle was not merely a verbal summary of cortical localization of function; it appeared to be able to make mathematically precise predictions about the details of cortical topography. Yet after the use of a dim ...
Swarm Intelligence: Humans — Actual, Imagined and Implied
... two type of learning – learning derived from cultural norms that the person is exposed to and the learning acquired through individual experience. Upon evolution, individual’s adaptations - and their subsequent probability of survival and reproduction – depended jointly on their individual experienc ...
... two type of learning – learning derived from cultural norms that the person is exposed to and the learning acquired through individual experience. Upon evolution, individual’s adaptations - and their subsequent probability of survival and reproduction – depended jointly on their individual experienc ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system, such as synaptic plasticity (Malenka and Nicoll, 1993; Collingridge et al., 2004). NMDA-R dependent synaptic plasticity plays an important role in learning. This includes learning that can also have maladaptive consequences, for example ...
... regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system, such as synaptic plasticity (Malenka and Nicoll, 1993; Collingridge et al., 2004). NMDA-R dependent synaptic plasticity plays an important role in learning. This includes learning that can also have maladaptive consequences, for example ...
20 IVAN PAVLOV AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
... Now, that conception of conditioning is too simple, and has had to be modified since Pavlov's day. Some reasons for this are discussed elsewhere (chapter 24) . But the basic idea is still with us, and it extends far beyond saliva, and far beyond dogs . First-and Pavlov made much of this-every variab ...
... Now, that conception of conditioning is too simple, and has had to be modified since Pavlov's day. Some reasons for this are discussed elsewhere (chapter 24) . But the basic idea is still with us, and it extends far beyond saliva, and far beyond dogs . First-and Pavlov made much of this-every variab ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... lamina IV, where this lamina receives serotonergic innervation (Foote and Morrison 1987). Also, there is a notable absence of projections to the basal ganglia (apart from the core of the NAcc; Berridge and Waterhouse 2003). For some noradrener gic neurons, axon collaterals coinnervat ...
... lamina IV, where this lamina receives serotonergic innervation (Foote and Morrison 1987). Also, there is a notable absence of projections to the basal ganglia (apart from the core of the NAcc; Berridge and Waterhouse 2003). For some noradrener gic neurons, axon collaterals coinnervat ...