LCog paper 1
... individual. There is no reinforcer or punisher that will achieve the same effects across all members of a species. Each individual is different and responds idiosyncratically to reinforcers based upon their current psychological or physiological needs. It is true that food works as a reinforcer with ...
... individual. There is no reinforcer or punisher that will achieve the same effects across all members of a species. Each individual is different and responds idiosyncratically to reinforcers based upon their current psychological or physiological needs. It is true that food works as a reinforcer with ...
Computational Constraints that may have Favoured the Lamination
... receives Cff feedforward connections from a further array of N × N “thalamic” units, and Crc recurrent connections from other units in the patch. Both sets of connections are assigned to each receiving unit at random, with a Gaussian probability in register with the unit itself, and of width Sff and ...
... receives Cff feedforward connections from a further array of N × N “thalamic” units, and Crc recurrent connections from other units in the patch. Both sets of connections are assigned to each receiving unit at random, with a Gaussian probability in register with the unit itself, and of width Sff and ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... not wait for a possible reward, i.e., what they call the negative outcome population, although it really represents lack of confidence that the perceptual decision just made will have a positive outcome, equivalent to confidence that the decision just made will have a negative outcome. The two netwo ...
... not wait for a possible reward, i.e., what they call the negative outcome population, although it really represents lack of confidence that the perceptual decision just made will have a positive outcome, equivalent to confidence that the decision just made will have a negative outcome. The two netwo ...
- WW Norton & Company
... – Conditioning trials: neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired to produce a reflex (e.g., salivation). • Neutral stimulus: anything the animal can see or hear as long as it is not associated with the reflex being tested (e.g., a ringing bell). ...
... – Conditioning trials: neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired to produce a reflex (e.g., salivation). • Neutral stimulus: anything the animal can see or hear as long as it is not associated with the reflex being tested (e.g., a ringing bell). ...
A Neural Circuit Basis for Spatial Working Memory
... others 1993), a conditional response task involving a movement in a direction other than the stimulus location (Niki and Watanabe 1976; Takeda and Funahashi 2002), or a spatial match to sample task, demanding a lever release when a stimulus appears at a previously cued location (Sawaguchi and Yamane ...
... others 1993), a conditional response task involving a movement in a direction other than the stimulus location (Niki and Watanabe 1976; Takeda and Funahashi 2002), or a spatial match to sample task, demanding a lever release when a stimulus appears at a previously cued location (Sawaguchi and Yamane ...
Genetic basis of human brain evolution
... across many genomes both within and between species, is enabling researchers to probe the very unit (i.e. mutations in DNA) of evolutionary adaptation. These studies are aided not only by the availability of large amounts of sequence data but also by the development of sophisticated analytical metho ...
... across many genomes both within and between species, is enabling researchers to probe the very unit (i.e. mutations in DNA) of evolutionary adaptation. These studies are aided not only by the availability of large amounts of sequence data but also by the development of sophisticated analytical metho ...
Operant Conditioning - PV
... Operant Conditioning • A type of learning in which behavior occurs more frequently if followed by reinforcement or occurs less frequently if followed by punishment. ...
... Operant Conditioning • A type of learning in which behavior occurs more frequently if followed by reinforcement or occurs less frequently if followed by punishment. ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, this article will try to evaluate the evidence in support of each code. The evidence for a temporal code can be divided broadly into four categories (se ...
... neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, this article will try to evaluate the evidence in support of each code. The evidence for a temporal code can be divided broadly into four categories (se ...
Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior
... Each kind of neurotransmitter has a distinctive chemical structure. It will fit only into one kind of harbor, or receptor site, on the receiving neuron. Consider the analogy of a lock and key. Only the right key (neurotransmitter) operates the lock, causing the postsynaptic (receiving) neuron to for ...
... Each kind of neurotransmitter has a distinctive chemical structure. It will fit only into one kind of harbor, or receptor site, on the receiving neuron. Consider the analogy of a lock and key. Only the right key (neurotransmitter) operates the lock, causing the postsynaptic (receiving) neuron to for ...
Skinner`s Paper
... financial rewards when the students improve their academic performance. I think that it is a better way to solve the problem and also makes me think than reinforcement can be applied to educators as well. Besides financial rewards (positive reinforcement), training to improve teaching practices to ...
... financial rewards when the students improve their academic performance. I think that it is a better way to solve the problem and also makes me think than reinforcement can be applied to educators as well. Besides financial rewards (positive reinforcement), training to improve teaching practices to ...
LRRTM1 on chromosome 2p12 is a maternally suppressed
... humans is associated with reductions or reversals of normal brain asymmetries,3 particularly of cerebral cortical areas related to language perception and production. This association is likely to be partly genetic in etiology.4 Handedness and complex cognition in humans may, therefore, be related d ...
... humans is associated with reductions or reversals of normal brain asymmetries,3 particularly of cerebral cortical areas related to language perception and production. This association is likely to be partly genetic in etiology.4 Handedness and complex cognition in humans may, therefore, be related d ...
Exam 1 Answer Key 1. A biopsychologist tries to relate behavior to A
... C. They have a mean equal to the standard deviation. D. They have a mean of zero. ANSWER: A % Correct: 87.10% Though answers C and D could be true of some normal distributions, they are certainly not true of all normal distributions. Answer B is never true of any normal distribution, because it impl ...
... C. They have a mean equal to the standard deviation. D. They have a mean of zero. ANSWER: A % Correct: 87.10% Though answers C and D could be true of some normal distributions, they are certainly not true of all normal distributions. Answer B is never true of any normal distribution, because it impl ...
Paleolithic public goods games: why human
... foundations of cooperation and culture in humans and nonhuman primates, but I want to highlight three types of mechanisms for which the case for human specificity is rather strong and to which we can refer securely in our evolutionary reconstructions. I will argue that human cooperation and culture ...
... foundations of cooperation and culture in humans and nonhuman primates, but I want to highlight three types of mechanisms for which the case for human specificity is rather strong and to which we can refer securely in our evolutionary reconstructions. I will argue that human cooperation and culture ...
Midterm 1 - Socrates
... C. They have a mean equal to the standard deviation. D. They have a mean of zero. ANSWER: A % Correct: 87.10% Though answers C and D could be true of some normal distributions, they are certainly not true of all normal distributions. Answer B is never true of any normal distribution, because it impl ...
... C. They have a mean equal to the standard deviation. D. They have a mean of zero. ANSWER: A % Correct: 87.10% Though answers C and D could be true of some normal distributions, they are certainly not true of all normal distributions. Answer B is never true of any normal distribution, because it impl ...
Comparison of Change Theories - Roadmap to a Culture of Quality
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
Comparison of Change Theories - Roadmap to a Culture of Quality
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... variety of ways which are not possible for the conventional model of a neuron in which all inputs are treated equally. Each compartment might implement a different integration function or a different learning rule. Furthermore, each compartment may have a different effect on the activity of the node ...
... variety of ways which are not possible for the conventional model of a neuron in which all inputs are treated equally. Each compartment might implement a different integration function or a different learning rule. Furthermore, each compartment may have a different effect on the activity of the node ...
Psychological and economic considerations of rewards programs
... versus indirect, efficient versus inefficient, monetary versus luxury, and utilitarian versus hedonistic to name a few. Although various classifications have been offered by different researchers, it has been noted that such classifications may be inadequate or specific to context of the study. Therefore ...
... versus indirect, efficient versus inefficient, monetary versus luxury, and utilitarian versus hedonistic to name a few. Although various classifications have been offered by different researchers, it has been noted that such classifications may be inadequate or specific to context of the study. Therefore ...
Timing of Impulses From the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of
... of Fig. 4C, the latency of the response peak was significantly shorter for CE (8.1 ⫾ 0.4 ms; Fig. 4C, thick line) than BNST neurons (23.6 ⫾ 1.1 ms; Fig. 4C, thin line; t-test, P ⬍ 0.001). However, the difference between the two cell groups was much larger with this estimate of response latency. In f ...
... of Fig. 4C, the latency of the response peak was significantly shorter for CE (8.1 ⫾ 0.4 ms; Fig. 4C, thick line) than BNST neurons (23.6 ⫾ 1.1 ms; Fig. 4C, thin line; t-test, P ⬍ 0.001). However, the difference between the two cell groups was much larger with this estimate of response latency. In f ...
A Revision and Experience using Cognitive Mapping and
... have a considerable impact on travel choices, there is a rising need to include spatial cognition explicitly in models [7]. Cognitive mapping and travel behavior research has centered on how information on what is known about the location, probable destinations, and viable alternatives for any optio ...
... have a considerable impact on travel choices, there is a rising need to include spatial cognition explicitly in models [7]. Cognitive mapping and travel behavior research has centered on how information on what is known about the location, probable destinations, and viable alternatives for any optio ...
Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning Chapter 7
... Ignoring students who misbehave in class rather than yelling at them (works most generally in the elementary level). Peer approval= more powerful than teacher approval ...
... Ignoring students who misbehave in class rather than yelling at them (works most generally in the elementary level). Peer approval= more powerful than teacher approval ...
Comparison of Change Theories
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
... behavior change is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself (Robbins 46-47). The individual must possess self-efficacy. They must believe in their capability to perform the behavior and they must perceive that there is an incentive to do so. Socia ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... tasks even before cue appearance (Fig. S3). Furthermore, performance levels were similar for both tasks (80% and 76% correct trials in the free choice and imperative tasks, respectively). These observations suggested that monkeys anticipated save and spend choices in the imperative task. Neuronal Ac ...
... tasks even before cue appearance (Fig. S3). Furthermore, performance levels were similar for both tasks (80% and 76% correct trials in the free choice and imperative tasks, respectively). These observations suggested that monkeys anticipated save and spend choices in the imperative task. Neuronal Ac ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... species do have mirror neurons, what makes humans different? The easiest answer is, of course, the presence of language. This answer, though, is at least partly question-begging, because it only transposes the human cognitive endowment to be explained. Furthermore, it implies a perfect overlap betwe ...
... species do have mirror neurons, what makes humans different? The easiest answer is, of course, the presence of language. This answer, though, is at least partly question-begging, because it only transposes the human cognitive endowment to be explained. Furthermore, it implies a perfect overlap betwe ...