Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain
... development, the morphology of the brain of living zebrafish embryos was examined at days 1, 2 and 3 of development with dissecting stereo microscopes. At these stages, the size and shape of telencephalon, diencephalon, tectum, tegmentum, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, hindbrain and brain ventricles c ...
... development, the morphology of the brain of living zebrafish embryos was examined at days 1, 2 and 3 of development with dissecting stereo microscopes. At these stages, the size and shape of telencephalon, diencephalon, tectum, tegmentum, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, hindbrain and brain ventricles c ...
- Philsci
... In the following discussion I will assume that mechanistic models describe the regular behaviour of system components by means of generalizations (Glennan, 2005; Woodward, 2002). The term “model” is used here to emphasize the fact that mechanism descriptions may be more or less abstract in the sense ...
... In the following discussion I will assume that mechanistic models describe the regular behaviour of system components by means of generalizations (Glennan, 2005; Woodward, 2002). The term “model” is used here to emphasize the fact that mechanism descriptions may be more or less abstract in the sense ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... A good textbook is all about teaching, but there is no teaching if there is no learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I m ...
... A good textbook is all about teaching, but there is no teaching if there is no learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I m ...
Chapter 7 The Nervous System
... Decline is size begins slowly at age 30, much faster at age 60; 10% gone by age 90 ...
... Decline is size begins slowly at age 30, much faster at age 60; 10% gone by age 90 ...
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
ExamView - Unit 3 Practice Test.tst
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
brain presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
... Is ineffective against substances that can diffuse through plasma membranes Absent in some areas (vomiting center and the hypothalamus), allowing these areas to monitor the chemical composition of the blood Stress increases the ability of chemicals to pass through the blood-brain barrier ...
... Is ineffective against substances that can diffuse through plasma membranes Absent in some areas (vomiting center and the hypothalamus), allowing these areas to monitor the chemical composition of the blood Stress increases the ability of chemicals to pass through the blood-brain barrier ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
Presentation
... and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape are indistinguishable from uninjured axons. ...
... and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape are indistinguishable from uninjured axons. ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... from each side of the spinal cord (see Figure 13-6). Fibers comprising the dorsal nerve root carry sensory information into the spinal cord. Cell bodies of these unipolar, sensory neurons make up a small region of gray matter in the dorsal nerve root called the dorsal root ganglion. Fibers of the ve ...
... from each side of the spinal cord (see Figure 13-6). Fibers comprising the dorsal nerve root carry sensory information into the spinal cord. Cell bodies of these unipolar, sensory neurons make up a small region of gray matter in the dorsal nerve root called the dorsal root ganglion. Fibers of the ve ...
Dr.Kaan Yücel yeditepeanatomyfhs122.wordpress.com Cerebellum
... cerebellar peduncle, a small, bulb-like region of each cerebellar hemisphere, known as the flocculus, is connected to a region of the vermis known as the nodulus. The effect of this fissuring is to give the cerebellum in section the appearance of a many branched tree which is called as arbor vitae; ...
... cerebellar peduncle, a small, bulb-like region of each cerebellar hemisphere, known as the flocculus, is connected to a region of the vermis known as the nodulus. The effect of this fissuring is to give the cerebellum in section the appearance of a many branched tree which is called as arbor vitae; ...
Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control
... vertebrates.14 It likely includes the cuneiform nucleus (CNF) and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN), although the precise location of the locomotor regulation still remains a matter of debate. The PPN is located in the ventrolateral part of the caudal mesencephalic reticular formation, co ...
... vertebrates.14 It likely includes the cuneiform nucleus (CNF) and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN), although the precise location of the locomotor regulation still remains a matter of debate. The PPN is located in the ventrolateral part of the caudal mesencephalic reticular formation, co ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... stimulating the pituitary gland to induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain d ...
... stimulating the pituitary gland to induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain d ...
CNS (Ch12)
... The Cerebellum • 11% of brain mass • Dorsal to the pons and medulla • Subconsciously provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction • Two hemispheres connected by vermis • Folia—transversely oriented gyri • Arbor vitae—distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar ...
... The Cerebellum • 11% of brain mass • Dorsal to the pons and medulla • Subconsciously provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction • Two hemispheres connected by vermis • Folia—transversely oriented gyri • Arbor vitae—distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... Comparison of sensitivity of GCaMP indicators in zebrafish larvae. The same experimental protocol was applied to zebrafish larvae expressing one of three GCaMP indicators — GCaMP2, 3 or 5 (specifically GCaMP5G) — under the pan-neuronal promoter elavl3 (HuC) (n = 11, 9, 9). Larvae were paralyzed, and ...
... Comparison of sensitivity of GCaMP indicators in zebrafish larvae. The same experimental protocol was applied to zebrafish larvae expressing one of three GCaMP indicators — GCaMP2, 3 or 5 (specifically GCaMP5G) — under the pan-neuronal promoter elavl3 (HuC) (n = 11, 9, 9). Larvae were paralyzed, and ...
Brain Facts: A Primer On The Brain And Nervous System
... ing how the brain stores memories, why sex is such a powerful motiva- ...
... ing how the brain stores memories, why sex is such a powerful motiva- ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (18, 34, 50, 51), while psychogenic sweating is believed to be driven from the forebrain (21, 44). Clues to the regions of the human brain involved in psychogenic sweating can be found in imaging studies that have related regional brain activity to sweating, u ...
... the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (18, 34, 50, 51), while psychogenic sweating is believed to be driven from the forebrain (21, 44). Clues to the regions of the human brain involved in psychogenic sweating can be found in imaging studies that have related regional brain activity to sweating, u ...
Cortical Sulci - Department of Psychology
... -frontal pole (gray) and orbital gyrus (green) also shown ...
... -frontal pole (gray) and orbital gyrus (green) also shown ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
15. Brain and Cranial Nerves
... Two distinct tissue areas are recognized within the brain and spinal cord: gray matter and white matter. The gray matter houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons. (Origin of gray color described in chapter 14.) The white matter derives its color ...
... Two distinct tissue areas are recognized within the brain and spinal cord: gray matter and white matter. The gray matter houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons. (Origin of gray color described in chapter 14.) The white matter derives its color ...
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
... Behavioral implications of anatomical differences are reviewed in the subsequent sections. Our knowledge of anatomical differences is further advanced than our knowledge of what these differences might mean behaviorally. In general, however, it is generally assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that mo ...
... Behavioral implications of anatomical differences are reviewed in the subsequent sections. Our knowledge of anatomical differences is further advanced than our knowledge of what these differences might mean behaviorally. In general, however, it is generally assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that mo ...
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the primary sensory organs for such senses as vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex (the largest part) is estimated to contain 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense that it acquires information from the surrounding world, stores it, and processes it in a variety of ways, analogous to the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer.This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Several topics that might be covered here are instead covered there because much more can be said about them in a human context. The most important is brain disease and the effects of brain damage, covered in the human brain article because the most common diseases of the human brain either do not show up in other species, or else manifest themselves in different ways.