25/50 Percent Standalone Drug Plan with Minimum and
... Brand-name drugs are produced by the company that holds the original patent. Once the patent expires, other companies can produce an equivalent drug. These equivalent drugs are called “generic” drugs and are evaluated by the FDA and undergo the same scrutiny as brand-name drugs. ...
... Brand-name drugs are produced by the company that holds the original patent. Once the patent expires, other companies can produce an equivalent drug. These equivalent drugs are called “generic” drugs and are evaluated by the FDA and undergo the same scrutiny as brand-name drugs. ...
Herb-drug interactions
... blood pressure, thus contraindicated with antihypertensives and stimulants (e.g. caffeine). ► Black Cohosh (menopausal symptoms but UIC trial negative) – some hepatotoxicity due to adulteration recently; use cautiously. ► Ginkgo – 2 case reports of interaction with phenelzine; insomnia, headache, ir ...
... blood pressure, thus contraindicated with antihypertensives and stimulants (e.g. caffeine). ► Black Cohosh (menopausal symptoms but UIC trial negative) – some hepatotoxicity due to adulteration recently; use cautiously. ► Ginkgo – 2 case reports of interaction with phenelzine; insomnia, headache, ir ...
Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse
... 100 proof = 50% ethanol. Concentration increased with distillation. One drink defined as ½ oz. ethanol. BAC (blood alcohol concentration) legal limit: .08%. More than 3 mixed drinks/ hour/ 150 lb. man. Quickly absorbed, from stomach. Inhibits ADH for diuretic effect. Processed by liver (damaged with ...
... 100 proof = 50% ethanol. Concentration increased with distillation. One drink defined as ½ oz. ethanol. BAC (blood alcohol concentration) legal limit: .08%. More than 3 mixed drinks/ hour/ 150 lb. man. Quickly absorbed, from stomach. Inhibits ADH for diuretic effect. Processed by liver (damaged with ...
Pharmacogenetics and Drug Safety
... UM – Ultra-rapid metabolizers, usual drug doses ineffective; exaggerated response if metabolite is active (exaggerated response to codeine, formation of morphine increased) ...
... UM – Ultra-rapid metabolizers, usual drug doses ineffective; exaggerated response if metabolite is active (exaggerated response to codeine, formation of morphine increased) ...
exam model-ii
... indirect sympathomimetic agent sometimes used by oral route for this and other indication s: A. Dobutamine. B. Ephedrine. C. Epinephrine. D. Phenylephrine. ...
... indirect sympathomimetic agent sometimes used by oral route for this and other indication s: A. Dobutamine. B. Ephedrine. C. Epinephrine. D. Phenylephrine. ...
Biopharmaceutics / Lec
... interrelationship of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the dosage form in which the drug is given, and the route of administration on the rate and extent of systemic drug absorption. Thus Biopharmaceutics involves factors that influence: 1. The stability of the drug within the product. 2. ...
... interrelationship of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the dosage form in which the drug is given, and the route of administration on the rate and extent of systemic drug absorption. Thus Biopharmaceutics involves factors that influence: 1. The stability of the drug within the product. 2. ...
What do you know about ECSTASY?
... • The brain scan on the right belongs to an individual who used Ecstasy many times, but had not used any drugs in the last 3 weeks before the scan. • The bright red spots on the left “normal” brain scan are serotonin ...
... • The brain scan on the right belongs to an individual who used Ecstasy many times, but had not used any drugs in the last 3 weeks before the scan. • The bright red spots on the left “normal” brain scan are serotonin ...
What do you know about ECSTASY?
... • The brain scan on the right belongs to an individual who used Ecstasy many times, but had not used any drugs in the last 3 weeks before the scan. • The bright red spots on the left “normal” brain scan are serotonin ...
... • The brain scan on the right belongs to an individual who used Ecstasy many times, but had not used any drugs in the last 3 weeks before the scan. • The bright red spots on the left “normal” brain scan are serotonin ...
Most Often Missed Pharmacology
... 5. High ceiling loop diuretics client teaching-s/s dehydration, hypotension (monitor BP), hypokalemia (eat foods high in K+) and ototoxicity (deafness is transient) 6. Basic pharmacological principles, frequent IV antibiotic dosing-requires that the antibiotic be present at the site of infection, in ...
... 5. High ceiling loop diuretics client teaching-s/s dehydration, hypotension (monitor BP), hypokalemia (eat foods high in K+) and ototoxicity (deafness is transient) 6. Basic pharmacological principles, frequent IV antibiotic dosing-requires that the antibiotic be present at the site of infection, in ...
PAUL O. OCHIENG`
... “War on drugs” policy which is based on zero tolerance approach to wipe out drug abuse and trafficking in entirety. Another model which came into limelight was the harm reduction policy which was proposed but never materialized. In this approach, needles and syringes were to be provided to the injec ...
... “War on drugs” policy which is based on zero tolerance approach to wipe out drug abuse and trafficking in entirety. Another model which came into limelight was the harm reduction policy which was proposed but never materialized. In this approach, needles and syringes were to be provided to the injec ...
Lecture 8
... Reduced liver and kidney function can increase half-life and by this the risk of toxicity ...
... Reduced liver and kidney function can increase half-life and by this the risk of toxicity ...
456 PHG
... b- Waxes are esters of fatty acids with high molecular weight monohydric alcohol e.g., bees wax. 4-Volatile oils (essential oils) e.g., peppermint oil, clove oil, cinnamon oil, anise oil, rose oil that responsible of odor of plants. 5- Steroids: are derivatives of cyclopentanophenanthrene e.g., estr ...
... b- Waxes are esters of fatty acids with high molecular weight monohydric alcohol e.g., bees wax. 4-Volatile oils (essential oils) e.g., peppermint oil, clove oil, cinnamon oil, anise oil, rose oil that responsible of odor of plants. 5- Steroids: are derivatives of cyclopentanophenanthrene e.g., estr ...
PHYSICo chemicaL PROPERTIES
... (metabolized). The substances that result from metabolism (metabolites) may be inactive, or they may be similar to or different from the original drug in therapeutic activity or toxicity. Some drugs, called prodrugs, are administered in an inactive form, which is metabolized into an active form. ...
... (metabolized). The substances that result from metabolism (metabolites) may be inactive, or they may be similar to or different from the original drug in therapeutic activity or toxicity. Some drugs, called prodrugs, are administered in an inactive form, which is metabolized into an active form. ...
1097-Ahmadi-_b
... • This combined with the age-related decline in physiological functions (decreased cardiac reserve, decreased immunological response, decreased renal function) that in younger patients may be protective from severity of an adverse drug reaction make the older patient particularly at risk for polypha ...
... • This combined with the age-related decline in physiological functions (decreased cardiac reserve, decreased immunological response, decreased renal function) that in younger patients may be protective from severity of an adverse drug reaction make the older patient particularly at risk for polypha ...
drug names - Dentalelle Tutoring
... More clinical evaluation takes place involving a large number of patients who have the condition for which the drug is indicated ...
... More clinical evaluation takes place involving a large number of patients who have the condition for which the drug is indicated ...
Medicinal Chemistry (MDCH) 5220
... (10) What is the relative acidity of benzoic acid compared para-methyl and para-chloro substituted benzoic acid. Ortho-nitro substituted benzoic acid is very acidic. What are the influences that lead to the increased acidity? (11) What are bioisosteres? Know the common bioisosteric substitutions pos ...
... (10) What is the relative acidity of benzoic acid compared para-methyl and para-chloro substituted benzoic acid. Ortho-nitro substituted benzoic acid is very acidic. What are the influences that lead to the increased acidity? (11) What are bioisosteres? Know the common bioisosteric substitutions pos ...
Substance Abuse
... or female problems Goals-address physical and emotional problems and understand the cycle of dependence, then they begin the “true” ...
... or female problems Goals-address physical and emotional problems and understand the cycle of dependence, then they begin the “true” ...
Combinations student notes 10_lesson_combinationsStudent
... Most drug molecules need to be soluble in blood to work. If instead, two drugs together interfere with the solubility of each other, then these drugs in combination will not work. This is seen when diamorphine (an analgesic related to morphine) is injected in the same syringe as a drug called cycliz ...
... Most drug molecules need to be soluble in blood to work. If instead, two drugs together interfere with the solubility of each other, then these drugs in combination will not work. This is seen when diamorphine (an analgesic related to morphine) is injected in the same syringe as a drug called cycliz ...
Why is alcohol considered to be the most dangerous drug
... This is false; men achieve higher levels of blood alcohol concentration than women after the same amount of alcohol. In the elderly, the regular use of alcohol: a. speeds up the process of deterioration of the brain and other vital organs b. is less harmful than when they were younger because they h ...
... This is false; men achieve higher levels of blood alcohol concentration than women after the same amount of alcohol. In the elderly, the regular use of alcohol: a. speeds up the process of deterioration of the brain and other vital organs b. is less harmful than when they were younger because they h ...
812 - 749 ME/mg/cap Low income countries
... Training for policy makers Training for health professionals Revision of national legislation ...
... Training for policy makers Training for health professionals Revision of national legislation ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.