SOCIAL PHARMACOLOGY - Keluarga IKMA FKMUA 2010 | …
... Social pharmacology encourages Pharmacological research into the real life use of medicinal products and thus, guides individualized treatment of pts. and the development of new drugs. ...
... Social pharmacology encourages Pharmacological research into the real life use of medicinal products and thus, guides individualized treatment of pts. and the development of new drugs. ...
Key to Unit 1 review
... c. An active drug is given more effectiveness by the addition of an inactive drug which creates an effect greater than doubling the active drug. d. have opposite effects, so that they cancel out the other's effects. 37. Differentiate between drug tolerance and tachyphylaxis. The longer a person take ...
... c. An active drug is given more effectiveness by the addition of an inactive drug which creates an effect greater than doubling the active drug. d. have opposite effects, so that they cancel out the other's effects. 37. Differentiate between drug tolerance and tachyphylaxis. The longer a person take ...
benzodiazepines - Website of Neelay Gandhi
... -some adverse effects occur immediately -suppressed mental and physical activity is restored soon (w/in days) -anxiolytic & mood elevating effects (takes >2 wks to become effective) Consequences: Simplifying hypothesis of action are untenable ??? Initial antidepressant therapy aggravates the risk of ...
... -some adverse effects occur immediately -suppressed mental and physical activity is restored soon (w/in days) -anxiolytic & mood elevating effects (takes >2 wks to become effective) Consequences: Simplifying hypothesis of action are untenable ??? Initial antidepressant therapy aggravates the risk of ...
Drug Excretion and Clearance
... Minor Routes of Drug Excretion Drugs are primarily excreted by passive diffusion. Salivary Gland drug excretion may produce toxicity to oral mucosa and teeth. Mammary Gland drug excretion will contaminate milk [mother and cows] consumed by individuals. Sweat Glands major route of drug elimination in ...
... Minor Routes of Drug Excretion Drugs are primarily excreted by passive diffusion. Salivary Gland drug excretion may produce toxicity to oral mucosa and teeth. Mammary Gland drug excretion will contaminate milk [mother and cows] consumed by individuals. Sweat Glands major route of drug elimination in ...
Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension as an adverse
... Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension were originally described mainly during treatment with low potency antipsychotics such as, for instance, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. These problems usually develop very early, often after the first dose of an antipsychotic. Orthostatic hypotension ...
... Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension were originally described mainly during treatment with low potency antipsychotics such as, for instance, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. These problems usually develop very early, often after the first dose of an antipsychotic. Orthostatic hypotension ...
Reviewer`s report
... International Drug Monitoring (UMC, Uppsala, Sweden), Pharmacovigilance activities is concerned with Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions(s) that is “a response to a medicine which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man (therapeutic doses). These reactions may be e ...
... International Drug Monitoring (UMC, Uppsala, Sweden), Pharmacovigilance activities is concerned with Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions(s) that is “a response to a medicine which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man (therapeutic doses). These reactions may be e ...
B.C. PharmaCare Drug Information Sheet for drug generic name
... The drug below is being considered for possible coverage under the B.C. PharmaCare program. PharmaCare is a government-funded drug plan that helps British Columbians with the cost of eligible prescription drugs and specific medical supplies. For more information on PharmaCare, visit Ministry of Heal ...
... The drug below is being considered for possible coverage under the B.C. PharmaCare program. PharmaCare is a government-funded drug plan that helps British Columbians with the cost of eligible prescription drugs and specific medical supplies. For more information on PharmaCare, visit Ministry of Heal ...
presentation
... the suspect had access to the drug. • If the suspect is not the dealer, then locating the ...
... the suspect had access to the drug. • If the suspect is not the dealer, then locating the ...
General Information/How to use this table :
... in a patient with a “normal” or what is termed “wild type” genotype for this particular gene. Conversely, if the patient carries a polymorphism that induces or increases the activity of this enzyme, the active form will be metabolized more rapidly to less active intermediates and the patient will re ...
... in a patient with a “normal” or what is termed “wild type” genotype for this particular gene. Conversely, if the patient carries a polymorphism that induces or increases the activity of this enzyme, the active form will be metabolized more rapidly to less active intermediates and the patient will re ...
Deuterium Modification Offers Great Promise to Improve the Profiles
... doses and the ability to maintain similar systemic exposure with decreased peak levels and increased trough levels. This could result in lower side effects and enhanced efficacy, depending on the particular drug’s pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationship. 3. Lower doses, improved tolerability R ...
... doses and the ability to maintain similar systemic exposure with decreased peak levels and increased trough levels. This could result in lower side effects and enhanced efficacy, depending on the particular drug’s pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationship. 3. Lower doses, improved tolerability R ...
examination for Parkistan students (1)
... D. a competitive antagonist increases ED50 E. variation in response to a drug among different individuals is most likely to occur with a drug showing a large therapeutic index 5. Drugs showing zero-order kinetics of elimination A. are more common than those showing first order kinetics B. decrease ...
... D. a competitive antagonist increases ED50 E. variation in response to a drug among different individuals is most likely to occur with a drug showing a large therapeutic index 5. Drugs showing zero-order kinetics of elimination A. are more common than those showing first order kinetics B. decrease ...
Leaflet
... pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and create favorable conditions for development of useful intestinal microflora. These properties of lactic bacteria associated with the accumulation by them (in production process) of lactic acid - a strong antiseptic that determines the activity of the d ...
... pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and create favorable conditions for development of useful intestinal microflora. These properties of lactic bacteria associated with the accumulation by them (in production process) of lactic acid - a strong antiseptic that determines the activity of the d ...
therapeutic range - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... of a drug and its adverse effects is known, it can be used to distinguish between drug induced and disease-induced effects. ...
... of a drug and its adverse effects is known, it can be used to distinguish between drug induced and disease-induced effects. ...
Herb-drug interactions
... possibly obtained internationally/Internet. Increase in blood pressure, thus contraindicated with antihypertensives and stimulants (e.g. caffeine). ► Black Cohosh (menopausal symptoms) – although debated, some expert analyses suggest rare hepatoxicity, thus should not be used with hepatoxic drugs. ...
... possibly obtained internationally/Internet. Increase in blood pressure, thus contraindicated with antihypertensives and stimulants (e.g. caffeine). ► Black Cohosh (menopausal symptoms) – although debated, some expert analyses suggest rare hepatoxicity, thus should not be used with hepatoxic drugs. ...
Pharmacology Objectives 2
... efficacy, and the nature of drug interactions. Potency is determined by looking at the ED50 where the lower the dose required to reach 50% response indicates higher potency. Efficacy is also determined by looking at the ED50 where the higher response indicates higher efficacy. The nature of drug int ...
... efficacy, and the nature of drug interactions. Potency is determined by looking at the ED50 where the lower the dose required to reach 50% response indicates higher potency. Efficacy is also determined by looking at the ED50 where the higher response indicates higher efficacy. The nature of drug int ...
PCOA Content Areas
... 2.4.2 Materials and methods used in preparation of drug forms 2.4.3 Physicochemical properties relating to drug entities and dosage forms 2.4.4 Principles of drug and dosage form stability, including chemical degradation and physical instability 2.5 Pharmacokinetics 2.5.1 Basic principl ...
... 2.4.2 Materials and methods used in preparation of drug forms 2.4.3 Physicochemical properties relating to drug entities and dosage forms 2.4.4 Principles of drug and dosage form stability, including chemical degradation and physical instability 2.5 Pharmacokinetics 2.5.1 Basic principl ...
Anitmicrobial Agents General Considerations 4 Pharmacology Prof
... – IM, SC, topical, Oral, tube, or rectal administration – Bioavailability = amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Distribution – Affected by the drug’s lipophilicity, partition coefficient, blood flow , pH, and protein binding Metabolism – Phase I • Generally inactivate the substrate ...
... – IM, SC, topical, Oral, tube, or rectal administration – Bioavailability = amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Distribution – Affected by the drug’s lipophilicity, partition coefficient, blood flow , pH, and protein binding Metabolism – Phase I • Generally inactivate the substrate ...
Antimicrobial Agents (General considerations 4)
... – IM, SC, topical, Oral, tube, or rectal administration – Bioavailability = amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Distribution – Affected by the drug’s lipophilicity, partition coefficient, blood flow , pH, and protein binding Metabolism – Phase I • Generally inactivate the substrate ...
... – IM, SC, topical, Oral, tube, or rectal administration – Bioavailability = amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Distribution – Affected by the drug’s lipophilicity, partition coefficient, blood flow , pH, and protein binding Metabolism – Phase I • Generally inactivate the substrate ...
Nursing pharmacology Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular
... formation or impulse conduction or both. • Arrhythmias Cause heart to beat too slowly (bradycardia) or to beat too rapidly (tachycardia) or irregularly (atrial fibrillation) • Antiarrhythmic agents act to restore a normal cardiac rhythm. Restoring of rhythm may occur through various drug actions. • ...
... formation or impulse conduction or both. • Arrhythmias Cause heart to beat too slowly (bradycardia) or to beat too rapidly (tachycardia) or irregularly (atrial fibrillation) • Antiarrhythmic agents act to restore a normal cardiac rhythm. Restoring of rhythm may occur through various drug actions. • ...
METHODS TO STUDY DRUG SAFETY PROBLEMS
... severity of reaction time from market introduction promotional claims promotion of reporting system publicity of specific association ...
... severity of reaction time from market introduction promotional claims promotion of reporting system publicity of specific association ...
Describe in YOUR OWN WORDS, WITHOUT using equations or
... Impotency, Reproductive Organs (men & women), Sexual Stimulant and Breast Enlargement in small women, have had much success. SAW PALMETTO is being used for enlarged Prostate more than any other herb, but do not forget that this great herb is of great help to both men and women as already mentioned. ...
... Impotency, Reproductive Organs (men & women), Sexual Stimulant and Breast Enlargement in small women, have had much success. SAW PALMETTO is being used for enlarged Prostate more than any other herb, but do not forget that this great herb is of great help to both men and women as already mentioned. ...
ANTIPSYCHOTICS Objectives: After this lecture has been presented
... organic mental disorder (OMD) In general, the symptoms of the different types of psychoses are relatively wide-ranging and include disorders of perception, thought patterns, consciousness, social interactions and affect (cf. DSM-IV). Frequently, the symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into two m ...
... organic mental disorder (OMD) In general, the symptoms of the different types of psychoses are relatively wide-ranging and include disorders of perception, thought patterns, consciousness, social interactions and affect (cf. DSM-IV). Frequently, the symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into two m ...
MLAB 2401: Clinical Chemistry Keri Brophy
... Affects cellular and organ systems Mercury Contaminated foods major source of outbreaks Protein binding to change the structure or function, especially enzymes Measured by AAS ...
... Affects cellular and organ systems Mercury Contaminated foods major source of outbreaks Protein binding to change the structure or function, especially enzymes Measured by AAS ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.