Review questions from 2003-2014 IB exams for option D Medicine
... 5. Explain why depressants are sometimes describes as anti-depressants 6. The most widely used depressant is ethanol. Discuss the harmful effects of regularly taking large amounts of ethanol by referring to 4 specific problems 7. List 3 prescription depressants 8. One problem with many drugs is that ...
... 5. Explain why depressants are sometimes describes as anti-depressants 6. The most widely used depressant is ethanol. Discuss the harmful effects of regularly taking large amounts of ethanol by referring to 4 specific problems 7. List 3 prescription depressants 8. One problem with many drugs is that ...
administration of decorporation drugs
... the urine after uranium ingestion with sodium bicarbonate. This produces uranium bicarbonate which is less nephrotoxic than other forms of uranium. Sometimes diuretics can be used to promote urinary excretion, such as after tritium (H-3) contamination. Chelating agents such as Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA m ...
... the urine after uranium ingestion with sodium bicarbonate. This produces uranium bicarbonate which is less nephrotoxic than other forms of uranium. Sometimes diuretics can be used to promote urinary excretion, such as after tritium (H-3) contamination. Chelating agents such as Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA m ...
wyeth and pfizer agree to pay $784.6 million to resolve allegations
... terms of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Agreement by linking discounts available to participating hospitals for Protonix IV to discounts on Protonix Oral tablets. However, Wyeth did not treat the sales of Protonix Oral tablets and Protonix IV as bundled within the meaning of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Progr ...
... terms of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Agreement by linking discounts available to participating hospitals for Protonix IV to discounts on Protonix Oral tablets. However, Wyeth did not treat the sales of Protonix Oral tablets and Protonix IV as bundled within the meaning of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Progr ...
Triple Diagnosis: HIV, Substance Abuse and Mental Illness
... immune and endocrine systems, which are disrupted by irregular use of heroin or other abused opioids ...
... immune and endocrine systems, which are disrupted by irregular use of heroin or other abused opioids ...
Trichiuris trichiura
... • interferes with enteric flora essential for the well-being of the amoeba • used in combination Erythromycin • directly amoebicidal Paromomycin • directly amoebicidal, affecting ribosomal protein synthesis • has no extraluminal activity ...
... • interferes with enteric flora essential for the well-being of the amoeba • used in combination Erythromycin • directly amoebicidal Paromomycin • directly amoebicidal, affecting ribosomal protein synthesis • has no extraluminal activity ...
2013 Sep Vivas - Notes For ANZCA Primary Exam
... -‐ First pass metabolism -‐ Drug interactions – wanted digoxin. any AV node blockers!!!! -‐ Draw SA node AP o How does adrenaline vs atropine alter it -‐ Draw nerve AP -‐ What is LA, MOA -‐ Recognis ...
... -‐ First pass metabolism -‐ Drug interactions – wanted digoxin. any AV node blockers!!!! -‐ Draw SA node AP o How does adrenaline vs atropine alter it -‐ Draw nerve AP -‐ What is LA, MOA -‐ Recognis ...
Fact Sheet on Narcotic Analgesics
... Definition: Any of a class of compounds that bind with the opioid receptors in the central nervous system to block the perception of pain or affect the emotional response to pain, including opium and its derivatives (Medical Dictionary). ...
... Definition: Any of a class of compounds that bind with the opioid receptors in the central nervous system to block the perception of pain or affect the emotional response to pain, including opium and its derivatives (Medical Dictionary). ...
Psychoactive Medications
... Factors Affecting Time of Administration Absorption – Routes of administration are not therapeutically interchangeable (e.g. Valium is easily absorbed orally but slower and erratic when given IM) – Absorption can be slower when taken with food, milk or milk products – The elderly have more difficul ...
... Factors Affecting Time of Administration Absorption – Routes of administration are not therapeutically interchangeable (e.g. Valium is easily absorbed orally but slower and erratic when given IM) – Absorption can be slower when taken with food, milk or milk products – The elderly have more difficul ...
L2_Pharmacy Law & Et..
... animal drug) the composition of which is such that such drug is not generally recognized, among experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drugs, as safe and effective for use under the condition prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the la ...
... animal drug) the composition of which is such that such drug is not generally recognized, among experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drugs, as safe and effective for use under the condition prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the la ...
Chapter nine and ten notes
... Summary of nine: Forensic toxicology seeks to identify poisons or drugs in criminals and victims and their likely effects on those people. The history of intentional poisoning goes back to ancient Greece. The chemical analysis of poisons in the body began in the 19th century. Poisoning is rare as a ...
... Summary of nine: Forensic toxicology seeks to identify poisons or drugs in criminals and victims and their likely effects on those people. The history of intentional poisoning goes back to ancient Greece. The chemical analysis of poisons in the body began in the 19th century. Poisoning is rare as a ...
Zomig Rapimelt
... medications has any effect on the efficacy or unwanted effects of zolmitriptan (for example beta blockers, oral dihydroergotamine, pizotifen). The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ‘Zomig’, when administered as the conventional tablet, were unaffected by acute symptomatic treatments such as parac ...
... medications has any effect on the efficacy or unwanted effects of zolmitriptan (for example beta blockers, oral dihydroergotamine, pizotifen). The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ‘Zomig’, when administered as the conventional tablet, were unaffected by acute symptomatic treatments such as parac ...
Document
... Individual variation: There is variation of sensitivity to a drug among population (patients or animals). Supersensitivity or tolerance to a drug are produced in a few population, most of them are middle sensitivity. ...
... Individual variation: There is variation of sensitivity to a drug among population (patients or animals). Supersensitivity or tolerance to a drug are produced in a few population, most of them are middle sensitivity. ...
Geriatric Giants, Day 1 - Acute Care Geriatric Nurse Network
... behavioural functions and activities • Must always consider what is happening in the brain and nervous system. • If only the brain was housed in a glass bubble so that we could see what is being activated and what is not. ...
... behavioural functions and activities • Must always consider what is happening in the brain and nervous system. • If only the brain was housed in a glass bubble so that we could see what is being activated and what is not. ...
ECSTASY AKA MDMA MDMA is a “mood elevator”
... Ecstasy is not physically addictive. However , the drug can often take on great importance in people’s lives, and some people become rather compulsive in their use. Taken too frequently, however, MDMA loses its special effect. MDMA releases the brain chemical serotonin, elevating mood and acting a ...
... Ecstasy is not physically addictive. However , the drug can often take on great importance in people’s lives, and some people become rather compulsive in their use. Taken too frequently, however, MDMA loses its special effect. MDMA releases the brain chemical serotonin, elevating mood and acting a ...
Antidepressant, Anti-anxiety Drugs
... Lower seizure threshold and produce convulsions in overdose Don’t carry abuse potential, Development of dependence is less ...
... Lower seizure threshold and produce convulsions in overdose Don’t carry abuse potential, Development of dependence is less ...
CHRONIC TREATMENT OF DIABECON IN THE REGULATION OF ALLOXAN INDUCED
... organ specific. Although, some dose specific alterations were also found in all tested parameters, these were not consistent in all organs, thus the overall effects appeared to be similar. Results from in vitro assays also supported free radical inhibition/scavenging potential of test drug at differ ...
... organ specific. Although, some dose specific alterations were also found in all tested parameters, these were not consistent in all organs, thus the overall effects appeared to be similar. Results from in vitro assays also supported free radical inhibition/scavenging potential of test drug at differ ...
Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc
... The chance to work with the most advanced clinical programs and leading scientists in cancer metabolism is extremely exciting. I look forward to helping to bring to market drugs that may positively impact the lives of patients.” About Cancer Metabolism Cancer cell metabolism is an exciting and prom ...
... The chance to work with the most advanced clinical programs and leading scientists in cancer metabolism is extremely exciting. I look forward to helping to bring to market drugs that may positively impact the lives of patients.” About Cancer Metabolism Cancer cell metabolism is an exciting and prom ...
OVERVIEW
... GABAA receptor (such as the benzodiazepines alprazolam and diazepam) elicit a sedative effect while inverse agonists have anxiogenic (for example, Ro15-4513) or even convulsive effects (certain beta-carbolines),for e.g. beta carboline produces effects opposite to the BZDs on BZD receptor. The effica ...
... GABAA receptor (such as the benzodiazepines alprazolam and diazepam) elicit a sedative effect while inverse agonists have anxiogenic (for example, Ro15-4513) or even convulsive effects (certain beta-carbolines),for e.g. beta carboline produces effects opposite to the BZDs on BZD receptor. The effica ...
single page dosing summary
... For small volume doses of medication, be aware that most delivery devices have a “dead space” in the applicator tip where some of the medication will remain. Be sure to take that dead space into account when calculating the volume of medication to be administered. ...
... For small volume doses of medication, be aware that most delivery devices have a “dead space” in the applicator tip where some of the medication will remain. Be sure to take that dead space into account when calculating the volume of medication to be administered. ...
Methods of Drug Interaction Studies This document is an informal
... Medicines are often used concomitantly with other drugs, and some degree of drugdrug interaction occurs with concomitant use. Although only a small proportion of this interaction is clinically significant, it sometimes causes serious adverse reactions. For example, drug interactions, particularly wi ...
... Medicines are often used concomitantly with other drugs, and some degree of drugdrug interaction occurs with concomitant use. Although only a small proportion of this interaction is clinically significant, it sometimes causes serious adverse reactions. For example, drug interactions, particularly wi ...
Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and Central Nervous System
... (ie, time and quantity), and periodic monitoring.9 Preexisting disease processes and age-related changes affect elimination half-life, an especially important consideration when administering BZDs. Elimination half-life is the time necessary for plasma concentration of a drug to decrease to 50% duri ...
... (ie, time and quantity), and periodic monitoring.9 Preexisting disease processes and age-related changes affect elimination half-life, an especially important consideration when administering BZDs. Elimination half-life is the time necessary for plasma concentration of a drug to decrease to 50% duri ...
Indianapolis/Cincinnati Discussion Group (I/CDG)
... Disposition and metabolism of the opioid receptor antagonist LY2196044 in healthy male subjects was characterized following oral administration of a single 100 mg (100 mCi) solution dose. LY2196044 was well absorbed, only 2% of unchanged drug appearing in feces; and cleared primarily by metabolism ( ...
... Disposition and metabolism of the opioid receptor antagonist LY2196044 in healthy male subjects was characterized following oral administration of a single 100 mg (100 mCi) solution dose. LY2196044 was well absorbed, only 2% of unchanged drug appearing in feces; and cleared primarily by metabolism ( ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.