- Wiley Online Library
... Morphine-like drugs have long been used as constipating agents. Roberts and Argenzio ( I 986) demonstrated that administration of morphine to experimental ponies decreased gut sounds, delayed defecation, and promoted fecal drying.33Whether the use of morphine as a preoperative analgesic would potent ...
... Morphine-like drugs have long been used as constipating agents. Roberts and Argenzio ( I 986) demonstrated that administration of morphine to experimental ponies decreased gut sounds, delayed defecation, and promoted fecal drying.33Whether the use of morphine as a preoperative analgesic would potent ...
Strychnine
... Absorption: strychnine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following ingestion, sniffing, or intravenous use. The half-life of absorption is about 15 min [7]. ...
... Absorption: strychnine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following ingestion, sniffing, or intravenous use. The half-life of absorption is about 15 min [7]. ...
formulation and delivery strategies
... of polymer degradation has an important role in the mechanism and rate of release of the drug from microspheres. In addition, diffusion of the protein through the biological fluid surrounding the microsphere is dependent on the size of the protein, and this will affect the rate of absorption after r ...
... of polymer degradation has an important role in the mechanism and rate of release of the drug from microspheres. In addition, diffusion of the protein through the biological fluid surrounding the microsphere is dependent on the size of the protein, and this will affect the rate of absorption after r ...
Cellular pH Gradient in Tumor versus Normal Tissue: Potential
... A summary of the pHi values in tumors of various histology and three normal tissues is illustrated in Fig. 1. Each of the indicated values is the average for several tumors obtained by one or more investigators (6-15). The results are similar to those obtained in the extensive compilation of tissue ...
... A summary of the pHi values in tumors of various histology and three normal tissues is illustrated in Fig. 1. Each of the indicated values is the average for several tumors obtained by one or more investigators (6-15). The results are similar to those obtained in the extensive compilation of tissue ...
Tricyclic Antidepressants
... concentration of drug in the filtrate will equal that in the remaining plasma (although some dilution will occur when replacement fluid is given) - therefore large volumes need to be exchanged over a prolonged period of time for a significant fall in concentration to occur ...
... concentration of drug in the filtrate will equal that in the remaining plasma (although some dilution will occur when replacement fluid is given) - therefore large volumes need to be exchanged over a prolonged period of time for a significant fall in concentration to occur ...
COLCHICINE IN THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER
... Coichicine, which was mentioned last week in the leading article about a secret remedy for cancer,' is a mitotic poison which has been much used in research as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. This alkaloid, which is extracted from the autumn crocus, is probably the most powerful " radiomimetic ...
... Coichicine, which was mentioned last week in the leading article about a secret remedy for cancer,' is a mitotic poison which has been much used in research as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. This alkaloid, which is extracted from the autumn crocus, is probably the most powerful " radiomimetic ...
... Ganguli, Lysle, & Cunnick, 1989; Khansari, Murgo, & Faith, 1990; Blalock, 1992; Jancovick & Radulovic, 1992). It consequently seemed logical to examine the effects of psychoactive drugs on the immune system’s responses. A wide variety of neural opioid receptors are closely involved in behavioural ch ...
Positron Emission Tomography Drugs—Information: PF 41(5)
... The chemical form and physical state of the bombarded nuclei vary, depending on the target and the subsequent usage of the PET radionuclide. This allows the production of PET radionuclides in gaseous, solid, and solution phases. Radionuclide generators offer an alternative method for point-of-use a ...
... The chemical form and physical state of the bombarded nuclei vary, depending on the target and the subsequent usage of the PET radionuclide. This allows the production of PET radionuclides in gaseous, solid, and solution phases. Radionuclide generators offer an alternative method for point-of-use a ...
The Influence of Conformational Isomerism on Drug
... Consider the following hypothetical example. Assume a drug contains two functional groups, X and Y, which are located on adjacent carbon atoms and which are essential for biological activity. Further assume that the drug is capable of binding to three different receptor types or subtypes. Given this ...
... Consider the following hypothetical example. Assume a drug contains two functional groups, X and Y, which are located on adjacent carbon atoms and which are essential for biological activity. Further assume that the drug is capable of binding to three different receptor types or subtypes. Given this ...
Agrochemicals against Malaria, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis
... candidates like OZ439 [12]. In addition, the global malaria agenda has shifted from the mere control of clinical cases to malaria elimination and eventually eradication urgently requiring transmission blocking agents [13]. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caus ...
... candidates like OZ439 [12]. In addition, the global malaria agenda has shifted from the mere control of clinical cases to malaria elimination and eventually eradication urgently requiring transmission blocking agents [13]. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caus ...
ACCELERATED STABILITY TESTING OF BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE NANOEMULSION
... temperature (25ºC) during 3-months of storage period. However, the changes in these parameters were not statistically significant (p ≥0.05). The shelf-life of optimized nanoemulsion formulation was found to be 2.66 years at room temperature. These results indicated that the stability (physical and c ...
... temperature (25ºC) during 3-months of storage period. However, the changes in these parameters were not statistically significant (p ≥0.05). The shelf-life of optimized nanoemulsion formulation was found to be 2.66 years at room temperature. These results indicated that the stability (physical and c ...
Aspirin Aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. It is rapidly converted in the
... The effects are dose dependent. At antiinflammatory doses, respiration is stimulated by peripheral (increased CO2 production) and central (increased sensitivity of respiratory centre to CO2) actions. Hyperventilation is prominent in salicylate poisoning. Further rise in salicylate level causes respi ...
... The effects are dose dependent. At antiinflammatory doses, respiration is stimulated by peripheral (increased CO2 production) and central (increased sensitivity of respiratory centre to CO2) actions. Hyperventilation is prominent in salicylate poisoning. Further rise in salicylate level causes respi ...
Luvox and Luvox CR (fluvoxamine)
... Other medications, including herbal supplements (such as St. John’s wort), that boost serotonin may result in excessive levels of that neurotransmitter when combined with Luvox and produce a toxic syndrome known as serotonin syndrome. The early signs of serotonin syndrome are restlessness, confusion ...
... Other medications, including herbal supplements (such as St. John’s wort), that boost serotonin may result in excessive levels of that neurotransmitter when combined with Luvox and produce a toxic syndrome known as serotonin syndrome. The early signs of serotonin syndrome are restlessness, confusion ...
Anticoagulation Antidote Guide
... Consider off label use of KCentra for life threatening bleeds (max dose 5000 units) Not removed by HD NOTES: PCC may partially correct PT/aPTT but will not affect anti-factor Xa activity or increase drug clearance, correlation with reduction in bleeding is unknown If ingested within 2 hours, a ...
... Consider off label use of KCentra for life threatening bleeds (max dose 5000 units) Not removed by HD NOTES: PCC may partially correct PT/aPTT but will not affect anti-factor Xa activity or increase drug clearance, correlation with reduction in bleeding is unknown If ingested within 2 hours, a ...
Seizure Management in Dogs and Cats
... BID PO in dogs and 1-2 mg/kg BID PO in cats. Phenobarbital has the advantages of being cheap, effective, reaches steady-state quickly (2 weeks), safe for cats. Disadvantages include that it is a controlled substance and side effects. Side effects include sedation, paradoxical excitement, hepatotoxit ...
... BID PO in dogs and 1-2 mg/kg BID PO in cats. Phenobarbital has the advantages of being cheap, effective, reaches steady-state quickly (2 weeks), safe for cats. Disadvantages include that it is a controlled substance and side effects. Side effects include sedation, paradoxical excitement, hepatotoxit ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
... site of action is in the large intestine and extraluminal if their site of action is in other organs, mainly the liver (11). Although most antiamoebic drugs have been shown to be relatively efficient for the treatment of clinical cases, the long-term use of medications produces undesirable side effe ...
... site of action is in the large intestine and extraluminal if their site of action is in other organs, mainly the liver (11). Although most antiamoebic drugs have been shown to be relatively efficient for the treatment of clinical cases, the long-term use of medications produces undesirable side effe ...
Allergic reactions.ppt
... Barbiturates -most common but occur less than aspirin and penicillin Reactions -hives, urticaria, blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis / thrombocytopenia) Allergy occurs more frequently with a history of asthma, urticaria, and angioedema ...
... Barbiturates -most common but occur less than aspirin and penicillin Reactions -hives, urticaria, blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis / thrombocytopenia) Allergy occurs more frequently with a history of asthma, urticaria, and angioedema ...
An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
... This text is aimed at undergraduates who have a basic grounding in chemistry and are interested in a future career in the pharmaceutical industry. It attempts to convey something of the fascination of working in a field which overlaps the disciplines of chemistry, biochemistry, cell biology, and pha ...
... This text is aimed at undergraduates who have a basic grounding in chemistry and are interested in a future career in the pharmaceutical industry. It attempts to convey something of the fascination of working in a field which overlaps the disciplines of chemistry, biochemistry, cell biology, and pha ...
Parazoanthoxanthin A blocks Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine
... from the second day after the injection forward. Each oocyte was first tested with ACh to ascertain consistent responses to ACh. The interval between consecutive 5 s drug challenges was 150 s, which ensured complete recovery of nAChR from desensitisation, and little or no run down of the ACh response ...
... from the second day after the injection forward. Each oocyte was first tested with ACh to ascertain consistent responses to ACh. The interval between consecutive 5 s drug challenges was 150 s, which ensured complete recovery of nAChR from desensitisation, and little or no run down of the ACh response ...
-Clinical Action of specific Agents *
... - changes in liver function , plasma protein binding , blood volume and other important physiology functions influence the manner in which LA agents are distributed and transformed in the body : net result of these changes is increased plasma blood levels of drug associated with increase relative ri ...
... - changes in liver function , plasma protein binding , blood volume and other important physiology functions influence the manner in which LA agents are distributed and transformed in the body : net result of these changes is increased plasma blood levels of drug associated with increase relative ri ...
Avalide (irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide)
... risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors (another class of therapeutic products interfering with the RAAS) during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Given the current evidence available on the risk with AR ...
... risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors (another class of therapeutic products interfering with the RAAS) during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Given the current evidence available on the risk with AR ...
Allergic Reactions in the Dental Office
... Barbiturates -most common but occur less than aspirin and penicillin Reactions -hives, urticaria, blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis / thrombocytopenia) Allergy occurs more frequently with a history of asthma, urticaria, and angioedema ...
... Barbiturates -most common but occur less than aspirin and penicillin Reactions -hives, urticaria, blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis / thrombocytopenia) Allergy occurs more frequently with a history of asthma, urticaria, and angioedema ...
Properties of GLP‐1 agonists and their use in type 2 diabetes
... Drug interactions There is an increased risk of hypo glycaemia when a GLP-1 agonist is added to treatment with a sulfonylurea, the dose of which may need to be reduced. For a similar reason, the dose of basal insulin may need to be adjusted when dulaglutide, twice-daily exenatide, liraglutide or li ...
... Drug interactions There is an increased risk of hypo glycaemia when a GLP-1 agonist is added to treatment with a sulfonylurea, the dose of which may need to be reduced. For a similar reason, the dose of basal insulin may need to be adjusted when dulaglutide, twice-daily exenatide, liraglutide or li ...
A comparison of the cardiovascular ... formoterol, salbutamol and fenoterol
... equivalent effects on diastolic blood pressure with formoterol and fenoterol would suggest that the difference in chronotropic response is due to differences in direct cardiac stimulation. It is important to consider what effect these cardiac changes could have in the clinical situation of acute sev ...
... equivalent effects on diastolic blood pressure with formoterol and fenoterol would suggest that the difference in chronotropic response is due to differences in direct cardiac stimulation. It is important to consider what effect these cardiac changes could have in the clinical situation of acute sev ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.