chemistry (9189)
... Some of the options are more obviously quantitative/mathematical in nature, whereas others have a greater descriptive content. Similarly, choice of option may also be influenced by other subjects being studied alongside chemistry. This deliberate variety is seen as a virtue of the complete syllabus. ...
... Some of the options are more obviously quantitative/mathematical in nature, whereas others have a greater descriptive content. Similarly, choice of option may also be influenced by other subjects being studied alongside chemistry. This deliberate variety is seen as a virtue of the complete syllabus. ...
The Coordination Chemistry of Solvated Metal Ions in DMPU
... and solid state (EXAFS and XRD). A coordination number reduction, compared to the corresponding hydrates, was found in all of the studied systems, except cadmium(II). Furthermore, the coordination number in solution was in several cases not the same as in the respective solid state. In solvents wher ...
... and solid state (EXAFS and XRD). A coordination number reduction, compared to the corresponding hydrates, was found in all of the studied systems, except cadmium(II). Furthermore, the coordination number in solution was in several cases not the same as in the respective solid state. In solvents wher ...
G0 Quantum conductance 2e2/h =77.5 S
... gap (the difference between the energies of the HOMO and LUMO) is indicative of the fact that the more easily a molecule can be excited. Our computational results of the first group are generally in agreement with previous calculations reported in the literature 8. The small deviation between our ca ...
... gap (the difference between the energies of the HOMO and LUMO) is indicative of the fact that the more easily a molecule can be excited. Our computational results of the first group are generally in agreement with previous calculations reported in the literature 8. The small deviation between our ca ...
Quantum computing with cavity QED
... NOT gate as before (up to a common phase factor in the off-axis elements). For the sake of simplicity we focus on this situation, even if the other cases have possible realizations too. The operations needed to perform a CNOT gate are exactly the same as given before in Eq. (1), if the states are as ...
... NOT gate as before (up to a common phase factor in the off-axis elements). For the sake of simplicity we focus on this situation, even if the other cases have possible realizations too. The operations needed to perform a CNOT gate are exactly the same as given before in Eq. (1), if the states are as ...
W. Ketterle
... interferometers may be advantageous for precise measurements of phase shifts in highly absorptive media, e.g. for measurements of the index of (matter wave) refraction when a condensate passes through a gas of atoms or molecules [15]. Since the most accurate optical gyroscopes are active interferome ...
... interferometers may be advantageous for precise measurements of phase shifts in highly absorptive media, e.g. for measurements of the index of (matter wave) refraction when a condensate passes through a gas of atoms or molecules [15]. Since the most accurate optical gyroscopes are active interferome ...
Chapter 3
... atoms are very very small particles and we can not count it or weight it easily that because it contains huge number of atoms. For example the smallest thing we can see by our nicked eyes contains about 1016 atom, it is huge number is not?!!!! It is clear that we can not weight a single atom, but as ...
... atoms are very very small particles and we can not count it or weight it easily that because it contains huge number of atoms. For example the smallest thing we can see by our nicked eyes contains about 1016 atom, it is huge number is not?!!!! It is clear that we can not weight a single atom, but as ...
Evidence for tautomerism in nucleic acid base
... not treated with resolution enhancement procedures prior to the Fourier transformation. The calculations in Fig.4 need some comment concerning the number of parameters which can be extracted from the calculation of the lineshape. In the region 8Os~1«k12"25O s" 1 the lineshape does not change very mu ...
... not treated with resolution enhancement procedures prior to the Fourier transformation. The calculations in Fig.4 need some comment concerning the number of parameters which can be extracted from the calculation of the lineshape. In the region 8Os~1«k12"25O s" 1 the lineshape does not change very mu ...
Site-resolved imaging of a fermionic Mott insulator
... the total entropy also contains a contribution from the spin entropy. From the fitted temperatures we calculate the total entropy per site as a function of µ/U for the different interactions (Fig. 2B, inset). In the MI region we find si = 0.70(1) kB , consistent with si = kB ln 2, which corresponds ...
... the total entropy also contains a contribution from the spin entropy. From the fitted temperatures we calculate the total entropy per site as a function of µ/U for the different interactions (Fig. 2B, inset). In the MI region we find si = 0.70(1) kB , consistent with si = kB ln 2, which corresponds ...
PDF of Chapter 6 Foundations of Chemistry
... different parts of the rock different in color? Why might some parts of the rock feel harder than other parts? The parts of the rock look and feel different because they are made of different types of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. If you look around, you will see many ...
... different parts of the rock different in color? Why might some parts of the rock feel harder than other parts? The parts of the rock look and feel different because they are made of different types of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. If you look around, you will see many ...
Quantum Theory of Chiral Interactions in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
... L!R and to L/R 7 for L>R. Results for the three-body interaction are more complicated @see Eq. ~65!#. In both cases, the magnitude of the pitch arising from these interactions in a concentrated system of helical molecules with polarizability corresponding to a dielectric constant of about 1.3 would ...
... L!R and to L/R 7 for L>R. Results for the three-body interaction are more complicated @see Eq. ~65!#. In both cases, the magnitude of the pitch arising from these interactions in a concentrated system of helical molecules with polarizability corresponding to a dielectric constant of about 1.3 would ...
Stoichiometry
... oxygen O2 to give carbon dioxide and water. A sample of ethane was burned completely and the water that formed has a mass of 1.61 grams. How many grams of ethane was in the sample? 0.90 grams of ethane ...
... oxygen O2 to give carbon dioxide and water. A sample of ethane was burned completely and the water that formed has a mass of 1.61 grams. How many grams of ethane was in the sample? 0.90 grams of ethane ...
... Japanese name for the weave pattern of a basket (see the second figure, top panel). The structure consists of corner-sharing triangles and is even more frustrated than the triangular lattice considered by Anderson. Last year saw the synthesis of such a solid-state Kagome system: ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2, where ...
Experimental Test of Wave-Particle Duality by Single Neutral Atoms
... used to eventually evaluate the results. This makes the results less persuasive and less tenable. In our experiment, we performed a BCP examination with a detection efficiency of 0.75, with a single trapped neutral atom in a Ramsey interferometer [see Fig. 1(b)]. Our experimental results fulfill ine ...
... used to eventually evaluate the results. This makes the results less persuasive and less tenable. In our experiment, we performed a BCP examination with a detection efficiency of 0.75, with a single trapped neutral atom in a Ramsey interferometer [see Fig. 1(b)]. Our experimental results fulfill ine ...
atomic and molecular physics using positron traps
... energy. One problem of current interest is understanding positron annihilation in large molecules [12-16]. Another example is the excitation of molecular vibrations by positron impact [17-19]. Low-energy processes such as these are important in establishing a predictive antimatter-matter chemistry, ...
... energy. One problem of current interest is understanding positron annihilation in large molecules [12-16]. Another example is the excitation of molecular vibrations by positron impact [17-19]. Low-energy processes such as these are important in establishing a predictive antimatter-matter chemistry, ...
BRIEF ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS APPENDIX G
... Si; 14 (c) Cu; 63.55 u (d) Br; 79.90 u 2.60 Atoms of these two kinds of substances will form ionic bonds, in which one or more electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom to form a cation and an anion, respectively. 2.63 Coulomb’s law states the energy of attraction in an ioni ...
... Si; 14 (c) Cu; 63.55 u (d) Br; 79.90 u 2.60 Atoms of these two kinds of substances will form ionic bonds, in which one or more electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom to form a cation and an anion, respectively. 2.63 Coulomb’s law states the energy of attraction in an ioni ...
The Construction and Characterization of a Magneto
... scattering force from quasi-resonant laser beams. Since the temperature of a group of particles is proportional to the square of their average velocity, slow implies cold. This idea was first proposed by Wineland and Dehmelt (1975) [9] and first experimentally demonstrated by Wineland et al (1987) w ...
... scattering force from quasi-resonant laser beams. Since the temperature of a group of particles is proportional to the square of their average velocity, slow implies cold. This idea was first proposed by Wineland and Dehmelt (1975) [9] and first experimentally demonstrated by Wineland et al (1987) w ...
Lower Diamondoids and Their Derivatives as Molecular Building
... residues like nitrogen and sodium atoms have great effects on the conductance and electronic properties of single molecule. Moreover, the quantum conductances of such molecules are significantly different at various molecule orientations and at different distances between electrodes. The various con ...
... residues like nitrogen and sodium atoms have great effects on the conductance and electronic properties of single molecule. Moreover, the quantum conductances of such molecules are significantly different at various molecule orientations and at different distances between electrodes. The various con ...
Chapter 7 Goals
... Continued from the previous slide Finally, multiply empirical by n [C2H3As3Cu2O8] x 2 empirical formula ...
... Continued from the previous slide Finally, multiply empirical by n [C2H3As3Cu2O8] x 2 empirical formula ...
Solutions_C19
... 10. Assign oxidation numbers to hydrogen and nitrogen based on the LDS number for ammonia. 10A. The nitrogen atom shares a pair of electrons with each of the three hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen is the more electronegative element because it is farther to the right on the periodic table than hydrogen. Thi ...
... 10. Assign oxidation numbers to hydrogen and nitrogen based on the LDS number for ammonia. 10A. The nitrogen atom shares a pair of electrons with each of the three hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen is the more electronegative element because it is farther to the right on the periodic table than hydrogen. Thi ...
Solutions_C19
... 10. Assign oxidation numbers to hydrogen and nitrogen based on the LDS number for ammonia. 10A. The nitrogen atom shares a pair of electrons with each of the three hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen is the more electronegative element because it is farther to the right on the periodic table than hydrogen. Thi ...
... 10. Assign oxidation numbers to hydrogen and nitrogen based on the LDS number for ammonia. 10A. The nitrogen atom shares a pair of electrons with each of the three hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen is the more electronegative element because it is farther to the right on the periodic table than hydrogen. Thi ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.