test2 contoh(30sept 2010) Word document - e
... 29. Consider the following reaction: 3Li + Z → Li3Z. What is the formula for the compound if we substitute magnesium for lithium? A) MgZ ...
... 29. Consider the following reaction: 3Li + Z → Li3Z. What is the formula for the compound if we substitute magnesium for lithium? A) MgZ ...
Bonding - Graham ISD
... Atoms combine when the compound formed id more stable than the separate atoms. The only group that seldom forms compounds is the noble gases (group 18). This is true because compounds of these atoms are almost always less stable than the original atom. Atoms with a partially stable outer energy leve ...
... Atoms combine when the compound formed id more stable than the separate atoms. The only group that seldom forms compounds is the noble gases (group 18). This is true because compounds of these atoms are almost always less stable than the original atom. Atoms with a partially stable outer energy leve ...
Aalborg Universitet The Landauer-Büttiker formula and resonant quantum transport
... H S (Vg = 0) obeying Ei + Vg = EF , the transmittance behavior is described by (11). Thus one expects to see a series of peaks as Vg is varied. Here the Fermi level was fixed to EF = 0.0 and the hopping constants in the lattice t1 = 1.01 and t2 = 0.99. Then the resonances appear, whenever Vg = −Ei ( ...
... H S (Vg = 0) obeying Ei + Vg = EF , the transmittance behavior is described by (11). Thus one expects to see a series of peaks as Vg is varied. Here the Fermi level was fixed to EF = 0.0 and the hopping constants in the lattice t1 = 1.01 and t2 = 0.99. Then the resonances appear, whenever Vg = −Ei ( ...
Things to Know to Pass the Chemistry Regents
... Things to Know to Pass the Chemistry Regents 1. Protons: charge +1, mass 1 amu, in nucleus, = atomic number *1 amu = 1/12 a carbon-12 atom 2. Neutrons: charge 0, mass 1 amu, in nucleus, = mass number - atomic number 3. Electrons: charge -1, mass 0 (1/1836) amu, in e- cloud surrounding nucleus, = ato ...
... Things to Know to Pass the Chemistry Regents 1. Protons: charge +1, mass 1 amu, in nucleus, = atomic number *1 amu = 1/12 a carbon-12 atom 2. Neutrons: charge 0, mass 1 amu, in nucleus, = mass number - atomic number 3. Electrons: charge -1, mass 0 (1/1836) amu, in e- cloud surrounding nucleus, = ato ...
Measuring and Calculating
... A period is likened to an energy level when completing energy level diagrams. Moving left to right, the attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus increases, causing the atomic radius to decrease, and electronegativity and ionization energy to increase. ...
... A period is likened to an energy level when completing energy level diagrams. Moving left to right, the attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus increases, causing the atomic radius to decrease, and electronegativity and ionization energy to increase. ...
An Overview of Computational Chemistry
... •The BO approx. is usually very good, but breaks down when two (or more) electronic states are close in energy at particular nuclear geometries. •In such situations, a “ non-adiabatic” wave function - a product of nuclear and electronic wave functions - must be used. The electronic Hamiltonian becom ...
... •The BO approx. is usually very good, but breaks down when two (or more) electronic states are close in energy at particular nuclear geometries. •In such situations, a “ non-adiabatic” wave function - a product of nuclear and electronic wave functions - must be used. The electronic Hamiltonian becom ...
SUMMER WORK AP Chemistry
... Topics equivalent to those in Sections 1-5 (see below) are expected to be mastered prior to the start of the school year. Pay special attention to the solubility rules, and be sure to know the common monatomic and polyatomic ions. Topics in sections 6 – 8, if covered, are typically in less depth dur ...
... Topics equivalent to those in Sections 1-5 (see below) are expected to be mastered prior to the start of the school year. Pay special attention to the solubility rules, and be sure to know the common monatomic and polyatomic ions. Topics in sections 6 – 8, if covered, are typically in less depth dur ...
Chapter 7
... There are a few useful criteria students should recognize about quantum states of orbitals. For example: 1. For a s spherically symmetric cloud the middle two numbers are always 0. 2. In any set of numbers, the second number—(l)—can never be larger than the first number (n). 3. The third number—(ml) ...
... There are a few useful criteria students should recognize about quantum states of orbitals. For example: 1. For a s spherically symmetric cloud the middle two numbers are always 0. 2. In any set of numbers, the second number—(l)—can never be larger than the first number (n). 3. The third number—(ml) ...
Materials Science for Chemical Engineers
... - insulative to electricity and heat, more resistant to harsh environments, hard, but brittle. - crystalline, noncrystalline(glass) ...
... - insulative to electricity and heat, more resistant to harsh environments, hard, but brittle. - crystalline, noncrystalline(glass) ...
Grade 11 Chemistry Exam Review
... Element X consists of 30.00% of an isotope with mass 24.02 u and 70.00% of an isotope with mass 26.10 u. The average atomic mass of X is a) 24.64 u. b) 25.06 u. c) 25.48 u. d) 50.12 u ...
... Element X consists of 30.00% of an isotope with mass 24.02 u and 70.00% of an isotope with mass 26.10 u. The average atomic mass of X is a) 24.64 u. b) 25.06 u. c) 25.48 u. d) 50.12 u ...
Final Exam Review Guide
... 1. Chemists use the metric system when recording their measurements. 2. Dimensional analysis must be used to convert between measurement units. 3. Chemicals have both physical and chemical properties that can be used to tell them apart, and also to separate components of a mixture. 4. When it comes ...
... 1. Chemists use the metric system when recording their measurements. 2. Dimensional analysis must be used to convert between measurement units. 3. Chemicals have both physical and chemical properties that can be used to tell them apart, and also to separate components of a mixture. 4. When it comes ...
Adv review key
... J) Draw the electron dot diagram (Lewis Dot Structure) and then tell if it would give up or take on electrons to get a full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
... J) Draw the electron dot diagram (Lewis Dot Structure) and then tell if it would give up or take on electrons to get a full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
Final Exam Practice Problems Set 2
... matter and energy are really the same thing. it is impossible to know anything with certainty. it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron. there can only be one uncertain digit in a reported number. it is impossible to know how many electrons there are in an atom. ...
... matter and energy are really the same thing. it is impossible to know anything with certainty. it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron. there can only be one uncertain digit in a reported number. it is impossible to know how many electrons there are in an atom. ...
class slides for Chapter 39
... the well—into a region in which Newtonian mechanics says the electron cannot exist. However, from the plots in Fig. 39-8, we see there is leakage into the walls, and that the leakage is greater for greater values of quantum number n. ...
... the well—into a region in which Newtonian mechanics says the electron cannot exist. However, from the plots in Fig. 39-8, we see there is leakage into the walls, and that the leakage is greater for greater values of quantum number n. ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.