Optically-Pumped SESAM for Fast Switching between Continuous Wave and
... implemented to switch between cw and femtosecond operation of passively mode locked systems however switching times have been relatively long (ms to s) [5]. Also picosecond pulses are not suitable for most biological applications [6, 7]. • Here we demonstrate a Cr4+:forsterite laser system operating ...
... implemented to switch between cw and femtosecond operation of passively mode locked systems however switching times have been relatively long (ms to s) [5]. Also picosecond pulses are not suitable for most biological applications [6, 7]. • Here we demonstrate a Cr4+:forsterite laser system operating ...
Simple, accurate electrostatics-based formulas for calculating
... and their linear scaling with Rn [5]. For large molecules, like the fullerenes, In and An usually are di⌅cult to determine accurately from theory, at least without very computationally intensive ab initio or density functional theory (DFT) calculations, such as we collaborated in performing as part ...
... and their linear scaling with Rn [5]. For large molecules, like the fullerenes, In and An usually are di⌅cult to determine accurately from theory, at least without very computationally intensive ab initio or density functional theory (DFT) calculations, such as we collaborated in performing as part ...
ViewpointAPBiology
... Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules Weak chemical bonds play important roles in chemistry of life A molecule’s biological function is related to its ...
... Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules Weak chemical bonds play important roles in chemistry of life A molecule’s biological function is related to its ...
4.IonicCompounds - Gleneaglesunit1and2chemistry2012
... • A chemical bond forms when outer-shell electrons of different atoms come close enough to each other to interact and rearrange themselves into a more stable arrangement. ...
... • A chemical bond forms when outer-shell electrons of different atoms come close enough to each other to interact and rearrange themselves into a more stable arrangement. ...
ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS J. Phys. B
... polarization and of Manakov and Fainshtein [28] for linear polarization, who concentrated on the quasi-energy of the ground state; see also [29–32]. Above-threshold detachment spectra for a finite pulse were calculated by Faisal et al [33] and Filipowicz et al [34]. However, they do not reach into t ...
... polarization and of Manakov and Fainshtein [28] for linear polarization, who concentrated on the quasi-energy of the ground state; see also [29–32]. Above-threshold detachment spectra for a finite pulse were calculated by Faisal et al [33] and Filipowicz et al [34]. However, they do not reach into t ...
Chapter 2 Atomic structure and spectra
... where φj (qi ) = Rnj j (ri )Yj mj (θi , ϕi )σmsj represents a spin orbital with σmsj being the spin part of the orbital, either α for msj = 1/2 or β for msj = −1/2 . The electron wave function in Equation (2.16) gives the occupation of the atomic orbitals and represents a given electron configurat ...
... where φj (qi ) = Rnj j (ri )Yj mj (θi , ϕi )σmsj represents a spin orbital with σmsj being the spin part of the orbital, either α for msj = 1/2 or β for msj = −1/2 . The electron wave function in Equation (2.16) gives the occupation of the atomic orbitals and represents a given electron configurat ...
9. Time-dependent Perturbation Theory
... where ℘ ≡ qhb|r|ai and n̂ is the direction of polarization. This can be done choosing the z axis for the direction of propagation, so that n̂ is in the xy plane and the vector ℘ is in the ...
... where ℘ ≡ qhb|r|ai and n̂ is the direction of polarization. This can be done choosing the z axis for the direction of propagation, so that n̂ is in the xy plane and the vector ℘ is in the ...
FALL Final Review KEY
... Negative ion (anion) is larger than the atom Br-; Na; F-, Al 31. Elements in the same GROUP (vertical column) have the same number of electrons in the outer energy level (valence electron) 32. (A) 1s2 2s2 2p6 Noble gas is the most stable and will have a general formula of ns2 np6 (where n=1, 2,3,4…7 ...
... Negative ion (anion) is larger than the atom Br-; Na; F-, Al 31. Elements in the same GROUP (vertical column) have the same number of electrons in the outer energy level (valence electron) 32. (A) 1s2 2s2 2p6 Noble gas is the most stable and will have a general formula of ns2 np6 (where n=1, 2,3,4…7 ...
4b. Orbital Diagrams
... Orbital Diagrams • Use individual orbitals • Give subshell arrangement • Each orbital takes one electron before any other orbital in the same subshell can receive a second electron ...
... Orbital Diagrams • Use individual orbitals • Give subshell arrangement • Each orbital takes one electron before any other orbital in the same subshell can receive a second electron ...
Circularly Polarized Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope for
... (I) is formed in the case where the energy gap is opened due to the cyclotron energy h̄ωc , and the spin-split incompressible strip (Is ) is formed due to the exchange energy-enhanced spin gap [19] in high magnetic fields as shown in Fig. 3. In-between the spin-unpolarized and spin-split incompressi ...
... (I) is formed in the case where the energy gap is opened due to the cyclotron energy h̄ωc , and the spin-split incompressible strip (Is ) is formed due to the exchange energy-enhanced spin gap [19] in high magnetic fields as shown in Fig. 3. In-between the spin-unpolarized and spin-split incompressi ...
Particle Physics - Columbia University
... Magnetic fields only affect moving charges (currents). NOTE: the direction of the particle’s path depends on the sign of its charge! ...
... Magnetic fields only affect moving charges (currents). NOTE: the direction of the particle’s path depends on the sign of its charge! ...
Chapter 6
... An object can gain or lose energy by absorbing or emitting radiant energy in QUANTA. A quanta of energy is the smallest unit of energy that may be exchanged between oscillators or emitted as radiation. It is too small to be observed in the classical world in which we live. Energy of radiation is pro ...
... An object can gain or lose energy by absorbing or emitting radiant energy in QUANTA. A quanta of energy is the smallest unit of energy that may be exchanged between oscillators or emitted as radiation. It is too small to be observed in the classical world in which we live. Energy of radiation is pro ...
Ionization
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with sub atomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with light. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.