Study Guide for DNA Structure and Replication
... 1.2.6 Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. Describe how DNA molecules are long chains linking four kinds of smaller molecules, whose sequence encodes genetic information. To be successful a student should be able to check off the followi ...
... 1.2.6 Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. Describe how DNA molecules are long chains linking four kinds of smaller molecules, whose sequence encodes genetic information. To be successful a student should be able to check off the followi ...
DNA Structure
... _____________________________. Two copies of each chromosome also have two copies of the _______________. One allele may be ________________ and the other ______________________. ...
... _____________________________. Two copies of each chromosome also have two copies of the _______________. One allele may be ________________ and the other ______________________. ...
DNA gel electrophoresis
... 3-Sample combs: Are used to form sample wells in the gel. 4-Electrophoresis buffer, usually Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) or Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE). 5-Loading buffer, which contains something dense (e.g. glycerol or sucrose) to allow the sample to "fall" into the sample wells, and one or two tracking dyes ...
... 3-Sample combs: Are used to form sample wells in the gel. 4-Electrophoresis buffer, usually Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) or Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE). 5-Loading buffer, which contains something dense (e.g. glycerol or sucrose) to allow the sample to "fall" into the sample wells, and one or two tracking dyes ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... – Treat proteins to denature subunits with detergent such as SDS • SDS coats polypeptides with negative charges so all move to anode • Masks natural charges of protein subunits so all move relative to mass not charge ...
... – Treat proteins to denature subunits with detergent such as SDS • SDS coats polypeptides with negative charges so all move to anode • Masks natural charges of protein subunits so all move relative to mass not charge ...
PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction
... – Radiation damage – high energy particles disrupt electronic structure and bonding ...
... – Radiation damage – high energy particles disrupt electronic structure and bonding ...
Transposons: Mobile DNA DNA
... DNA transposons are able to transpose in direct, DNA-DNA manner and are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Two distinct mechanisms of transposition: •Replicative transposition – direct interaction between the donor transposon and the target site, resulting in copying of the donor ...
... DNA transposons are able to transpose in direct, DNA-DNA manner and are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Two distinct mechanisms of transposition: •Replicative transposition – direct interaction between the donor transposon and the target site, resulting in copying of the donor ...
Biology 207 Workshop 9
... 5. A DNA segment, that is radioactively labeled at one end, is partially digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The resulting fragments are then separated on an agarose gene. This gel is exposed to X-ray film and you then obtained the following autoradiogram: a) Draw the restriction map of this ...
... 5. A DNA segment, that is radioactively labeled at one end, is partially digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The resulting fragments are then separated on an agarose gene. This gel is exposed to X-ray film and you then obtained the following autoradiogram: a) Draw the restriction map of this ...
What is a cell?
... quality of energy. To convert it to mechanical energy, E, you will always get less than Q, E < Q -> Mechanical energy = high quality • Q is in the Brownian motion of atoms – larger if T grows. The randomness is measured by S (entropy). • How much useful energy is in the system, F (free energy) ...
... quality of energy. To convert it to mechanical energy, E, you will always get less than Q, E < Q -> Mechanical energy = high quality • Q is in the Brownian motion of atoms – larger if T grows. The randomness is measured by S (entropy). • How much useful energy is in the system, F (free energy) ...
file
... Protein features • Protein can be stabilized by salt bridges • Protein can be folded to a unique structure due to the existence of disulfide bonds • Protein may function as an enzyme whose active sites are crucial for its function ...
... Protein features • Protein can be stabilized by salt bridges • Protein can be folded to a unique structure due to the existence of disulfide bonds • Protein may function as an enzyme whose active sites are crucial for its function ...
DNA mutations power point
... Mutations can be spontaneous or natural as a result of errors in DNA replication or gamete production. ...
... Mutations can be spontaneous or natural as a result of errors in DNA replication or gamete production. ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY
... Generation of DNA fragments using restriction endonucleases Construction of a recombinant DNA molecule Introduction into a host cell Selection Cells that have been successfully transformed must be isolated (usually by antibiotic resistance) The vectors used for cloning usually carry an antibioticres ...
... Generation of DNA fragments using restriction endonucleases Construction of a recombinant DNA molecule Introduction into a host cell Selection Cells that have been successfully transformed must be isolated (usually by antibiotic resistance) The vectors used for cloning usually carry an antibioticres ...
word
... Conjugation - Reproduction or "mating" of bacterial cells Example of how small amounts of recombinant DNA are “manufactured” through use of plasmids ...
... Conjugation - Reproduction or "mating" of bacterial cells Example of how small amounts of recombinant DNA are “manufactured” through use of plasmids ...
Biology 12 Daily Notes - Mrs. Kennedy`s Biology 12 Site!
... Since DNA synthesis only occurs in the 5′ and 3′, so DNA polymerases must move in antiparallel directions to synthesise the two daughter helices. ...
... Since DNA synthesis only occurs in the 5′ and 3′, so DNA polymerases must move in antiparallel directions to synthesise the two daughter helices. ...
Review Answers
... b. A DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA, which is translated into an amino acid sequence c. Messenger RNA is used to make protein, which is copied into a DNA sequence. d. Amino acid sequences are copied into mRNA, which is used to translate protein 12. Long stems are dominant to short stems, ...
... b. A DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA, which is translated into an amino acid sequence c. Messenger RNA is used to make protein, which is copied into a DNA sequence. d. Amino acid sequences are copied into mRNA, which is used to translate protein 12. Long stems are dominant to short stems, ...
Recombinant DNA as a Tool in Animal Research
... The complete amino acid sequence of insulin is shown in Figure 1. As shown here, proteins are linear polymers of amino acids. They d o not have branches. This point i s important. In 1953, Dr. Fred Sanger completed this structural array of the 51 amino acids in insulin for which he was awarded the N ...
... The complete amino acid sequence of insulin is shown in Figure 1. As shown here, proteins are linear polymers of amino acids. They d o not have branches. This point i s important. In 1953, Dr. Fred Sanger completed this structural array of the 51 amino acids in insulin for which he was awarded the N ...
DNA Replication
... – Mutation can occur in a growth-factor gene, causing rapid, uncontrolled cell growth – Error in DNA replication, producing multiple copies of a single-growth factor gene – Change in gene’s location--falls under the control of a different promoter is transcribed more often (producing more growth-fac ...
... – Mutation can occur in a growth-factor gene, causing rapid, uncontrolled cell growth – Error in DNA replication, producing multiple copies of a single-growth factor gene – Change in gene’s location--falls under the control of a different promoter is transcribed more often (producing more growth-fac ...
Manipulating DNA - tools and techniques 2012
... by electrophoresis using a probe with a complementary base sequence ...
... by electrophoresis using a probe with a complementary base sequence ...
LNUC IV.A - UTK-EECS
... ¶1. Nucleases: enzymes that remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. ¶2. Exonucleases: remove nucleotides from the ends (either 30 or 50 depending on the exonuclease). ¶3. Endonucleases: cut DNA strands (single or double) at specific places. ¶4. Restriction enzymes: are the most common. ¶5. They operat ...
... ¶1. Nucleases: enzymes that remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. ¶2. Exonucleases: remove nucleotides from the ends (either 30 or 50 depending on the exonuclease). ¶3. Endonucleases: cut DNA strands (single or double) at specific places. ¶4. Restriction enzymes: are the most common. ¶5. They operat ...
Genetic Engineering Notes
... 2. If the plasmid containing the ________ DNA manages to get inside a ___________ cell, this sequence ensures that it will be ___________. ...
... 2. If the plasmid containing the ________ DNA manages to get inside a ___________ cell, this sequence ensures that it will be ___________. ...
Document
... Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) • Discovered in late 1970s by Arber, Smith and Nathans • The chemical bonds that the enzymes cleave can be reformed by other enzymes known as ligases • Uses: – To insert new segment of DNA – To cut specific segments of DNA to study – To cut segment from one gene ...
... Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) • Discovered in late 1970s by Arber, Smith and Nathans • The chemical bonds that the enzymes cleave can be reformed by other enzymes known as ligases • Uses: – To insert new segment of DNA – To cut specific segments of DNA to study – To cut segment from one gene ...
MBP 1022, LECTURE 3 DAN-ct30
... DNA and RNA. There are five major bases found in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine and guanine, and the derivatives of pyrimidine are called thymine, cytosine and uracil. The common abbreviations used for these five bases are, A, G, T, C and U. The purine and pyrimidine bases in ce ...
... DNA and RNA. There are five major bases found in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine and guanine, and the derivatives of pyrimidine are called thymine, cytosine and uracil. The common abbreviations used for these five bases are, A, G, T, C and U. The purine and pyrimidine bases in ce ...
Genetics BIO.B.1.2.1 Describe how the process of DNA replication
... cows to get them to produce the most milk) This method used trail/error and was time consuming. Using genetic engineering we can now accurately get the desired results every time. ...
... cows to get them to produce the most milk) This method used trail/error and was time consuming. Using genetic engineering we can now accurately get the desired results every time. ...
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.