• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
OCR A Level Biology A Level Learner Resource 1
OCR A Level Biology A Level Learner Resource 1

... This simulation lets you explore the activity of two structural genes and a regulatory gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli. This example of regulating genes in a prokaryote was the first type of control of gene expression to be discovered, in 1961 (Jacob and Monod). You can add and remove compone ...
- Free Documents
- Free Documents

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI

... a) Write down the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. b) Explain the significance of oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Fluorescent Protein Transformation Student Background
Fluorescent Protein Transformation Student Background

... by Bayer). Genes can be cut out of human, animal or plant DNA and placed inside bacteria. For example, a healthy human gene for the hormone insulin can be put into bacteria. Under the right conditions, these bacteria can make authentic human insulin just as they would make their own proteins. This i ...
DNA Tribes Digest for October 28, 2010
DNA Tribes Digest for October 28, 2010

... Discussion: The results summarized in Table 1 indicate genetic contributions from several surrounding parts of the world, including a predominant Mesopotamian contribution (49.9%) as well as smaller contributions from several European sub-regions (totaling 45.2%). The largest single genetic contribu ...
epigenetics
epigenetics

... the way we think about how DNA functions. ...
BMB 400 PART THREE - ANSWERS ANSWERS to Questions from
BMB 400 PART THREE - ANSWERS ANSWERS to Questions from

... use deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates as a substrate, whereas RNA polymerase uses ribonucleoside triphosphates. b. The templates: DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase use DNA as a template, whereas telomerase copies an RNA template that is part of the enzyme. Reverse transcriptase uses RNA as a templat ...
Metagenomics: DNA sequencing of environmental samples
Metagenomics: DNA sequencing of environmental samples

... preparation (Table 1). Sequence analysis immediately identified potential contributors to virulence, and aided the development of DNA-based diagnostics33. A year and a half of painstaking growth in coculture with human fibroblasts was necessary to obtain sufficient DNA to sequence the genome of the ...
(STAN): looking for nucleotidic and peptidic patterns in
(STAN): looking for nucleotidic and peptidic patterns in

... 1980), a particular form of context-free grammars, have been used in various works to model DNA sequence features (Searls, 1989; Helgesen and Sibbald, 1993; Leung et al., 2001), as well as to model gene regulation (Collado-Vides, 1992). Among those formalisms, the pioneering work of David Searls on ...
Biotechnology Provides New Tools for Plant Breeding
Biotechnology Provides New Tools for Plant Breeding

... cases, this refers to culturing embryos or small plants in the laboratory on specific nutrient media until they can be moved into soil. The tiny growing tips of plants (meristems) can also be grown in culture to produce entire plants. In addition, plants have the unique property of being able to reg ...
Document
Document

... the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand ■ mRNA copies the template strand ■ Requires the enzyme RNA Polymerase ...
PDF - ANR Catalog
PDF - ANR Catalog

... cases, this refers to culturing embryos or small plants in the laboratory on specific nutrient media until they can be moved into soil. The tiny growing tips of plants (meristems) can also be grown in culture to produce entire plants. In addition, plants have the unique property of being able to reg ...
Production of Recombinant Molecules
Production of Recombinant Molecules

... Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour. They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and spearheaded the publishing work. I look forward t ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... behavioral and eco-epidemiology of arthropods, many of which are importance for public health. A number of molecular markers is used in studies of phylogeny, ecology and population dynamics. Mitochondrial DNA is the most widely used marker of DNA regions for insects as well as for animals in general ...
Chapter 13 Unintended Horizontal Transfer of Recombinant DNA
Chapter 13 Unintended Horizontal Transfer of Recombinant DNA

... The potential impact of unintended HGT of recombinant DNA from GMOs to exposed organisms must be seen within the broader picture of naturally occurring processes, including i) the continual large-scale release of genetically diverse DNA molecules from a broad range of naturally occurring or introduc ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape and structure or act as enzymes catalyzing specific metabolic pathways characterizing the organism habit and habitat. Even though, species are morphologically identical and identified ...
DNA and Gene Expression (chaps 12-15)
DNA and Gene Expression (chaps 12-15)

... 47 One of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5!-CUA-3!. Its corresponding anticodon is: A. 5!-GAU-3!. B. 3!-GAT-5!. C. 3!-AUC-5!. D. 3!-GAU-5!. E. 5!-GAT-3!. ...
Lecture_8
Lecture_8

... Both methods generate labeled fragments of varying lengths that are further electrophoresed. ...
Punnett Square Practice
Punnett Square Practice

lec-02-handout
lec-02-handout

... As this occurs, the enzyme DNA gyrase relieves the trosional strain that builds up during the process in the unwound part of the double helix. The single-stranded binding proteins bind to and stabilize the unwound single stranded regions of the DNA helix to allow replication to occur. Initiation of ...
Lecture NoteIV
Lecture NoteIV

... It involves the addition of a mixture of phenol and chloroform (1:1) to the cell lysate for protein separation. The proteins aggregate as a white mass in between the aqueous phase containing DNA and RNA, and the organic layer. Treatment of lysate with pronase or protease, in addition to phenol/chlor ...
A reliable and efficient method for deleting
A reliable and efficient method for deleting

... located upstream (A) and downstream (B) of the enhancer was cloned into this vector, and a 30 bp multiple cloning site was included between the two homologies (Fig. 1A). We also generated a recombination cassette containing the floxed CAM gene (Lox511–CAM–Lox511, pCAMLOX) which first affords selecti ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... a. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein. b. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA. c. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein. d. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome. e. ...
Origin of Life
Origin of Life

... o Any amino acids produced would be a 50/50 mix of both left (L) and right (R) handed. o Cross-reactions occur between amino acids and sugars, amines, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids in the mix. These would prevent the amino acids from forming into proteins. o There are approximately 500 di ...
Transcription & Translation - mvhs
Transcription & Translation - mvhs

... 1. Changes in the DNA sequence will lead to changes in the transcribed _________. 2. This results in a different codon which may code for a different ______________. 3. A different ___________ means a different R group. 4. A different R group may have different chemical properties. 5. These differen ...
< 1 ... 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 ... 652 >

Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report