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The Shunt Regulator
The Shunt Regulator

... 3. The load current is iL = VZK RL . 4. The current through the shunt resistor R is i = (VS −VZK ) R . 5. The current through the Zener diode is iZ = i − iL > 0 . We find then, that if the source voltage VS increases, the current i through shunt resistor R will likewise increase. However, this extra ...
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... • Use the multimeter to measure the voltages across the resistances and the current flowing in through the circuit – Voltage Measurement: Connect the multimeter in parallel. Use the Rightmost HI and the rightmost LO terminals. Push the DC V button – Current Measurement: Use Ohm’s Law – It is usually ...
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Electrical Circuits Review - Purdue College of Engineering

... current flowing through the component Ichunk . For most materials, the current in a component made in this way would be proportional to the voltage. The ratio Vchunk / Ichunk is R, the component’s resistance, and is measured in ohms (symbol: Ω), named after Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854). The equation ...
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... normal thyristors, are fully controllable switches which can be turned on and off by their GATE lead. Q8: Difference between SCR and GTO? A8: Thyristors (SCR) can only be turned ON and cannot be turned OFF. Thyristors are switched ON by a gate signal, but even after the gate signal is removed, the t ...
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... power switches delivers up to 8A of output current. The regulator operates from 2.7V to 5.5V and provides an output voltage from 0.6V up to 95% of the input voltage, making the device ideal for distributed power systems, portable devices, and preregulation applications. The IC utilizes a current-mod ...
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...  It may specify the range of voltages under which the device should operate (say 2 to 12V), range of current, power dissipation, maximum excitation as a function of temperature and sometimes frequency.  Part of the data sheet for the device  Together with other specifications it defines the norma ...
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... Impedance matching of inputs and outputs is necessary because the gain of a single amplifier is often insufficient for a given purpose. For this reason several stages of amplification are used, which involves feeding the output of one amplifier into the input of another. This is called connecting th ...
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... of output capacitors (such as electrolytic and ceramic), zeros at different frequencies are generated. The external pass transistor contributes a zero and affects the poles of the system. The frequency response from VDRV to Vout is given by Equation 4. ...
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Operational amplifier



An operational amplifier (""op-amp"") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op-amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals.Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to do mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits. The popularity of the op-amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. Due to negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op-amps cost only a few cents in moderate production volume; however some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over $100 US in small quantities. Op-amps may be packaged as components, or used as elements of more complex integrated circuits.The op-amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op-amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp), and negative feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network).
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