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Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures

... that is the operating point at no load is determined by the intersection of the O C C with the field load line. So, this is the voltage at which the DC machine will excite to. Clearly the voltage at which the DC machine will excite will depend not only on the O C C, but also on the field load line. ...
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... measured in units of amperes, the letter A being used to designate that unit. If the glove compartment lamp in a car is a type 194 then, when it is on, it draws a current of 0.27 A. This means that there is a charge of 0.27 Coulombs per second entering one terminal and leaving the other. Current pas ...
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... it will be a bad choice for use with a high-resistance (current source) detector. A low-resistance detector operates best with a preamplifier of low noise voltage. Figure 6 shows the dependence of the ratio of preamplifier (or input transistor) noise to detector thermal noise as a function of detector ...
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... plot of S11 for the device is shown in Fig. 4, where the performance is observed outside the normal Smith chart regions due to the negative resistance. The real and imaginary parts of Zin are shown in Fig. 5 for the 5 pF capacitive load, with simulation results showing the real part of Zin in ohms ( ...
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... alternating voltages approximately sinusoidal at the desired fundamental frequency with controllable amplitude and phase angle. It can therefore generate or absorb reactive power when tied to an electrical power system as shown in Fig.4. The SVS for power transmission applications can be implemented ...
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Operational amplifier



An operational amplifier (""op-amp"") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op-amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals.Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to do mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits. The popularity of the op-amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. Due to negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op-amps cost only a few cents in moderate production volume; however some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over $100 US in small quantities. Op-amps may be packaged as components, or used as elements of more complex integrated circuits.The op-amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op-amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp), and negative feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network).
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