An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... cell-type specificity. Furthermore, only some promoters can be appropriately truncated, which limits the number of cell populations that can be targeted using this approach. (C) Specific cell populations can also be targeted using a combined transgenic and virus based approach. In this method, trans ...
... cell-type specificity. Furthermore, only some promoters can be appropriately truncated, which limits the number of cell populations that can be targeted using this approach. (C) Specific cell populations can also be targeted using a combined transgenic and virus based approach. In this method, trans ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... on the parameters of the stimulation protocol (e.g., odor concentration, frequency of odor presentation), a temporary increment in responsiveness might initially be observed. If, however, an appetitive gustatory stimulus (e.g., sugar) is repeated with the same ISI, depending again on the concentrati ...
... on the parameters of the stimulation protocol (e.g., odor concentration, frequency of odor presentation), a temporary increment in responsiveness might initially be observed. If, however, an appetitive gustatory stimulus (e.g., sugar) is repeated with the same ISI, depending again on the concentrati ...
brain anatomy - Sinoe Medical Association
... hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the ante ...
... hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the ante ...
SCIENCE 101: Cranial Nerve I: The Olfactory Nerve
... That's a sheep brain, the front is to the right, and those TWO HUGE PIECES on the front are the olfactory bulbs (labeled B). To give you an idea of scale, the sheep brain is about 1/8 of the size of the human brain. Those olfactory bulbs alone are 2-3 times bigger than yours. Our sniffers are NOTHIN ...
... That's a sheep brain, the front is to the right, and those TWO HUGE PIECES on the front are the olfactory bulbs (labeled B). To give you an idea of scale, the sheep brain is about 1/8 of the size of the human brain. Those olfactory bulbs alone are 2-3 times bigger than yours. Our sniffers are NOTHIN ...
Skeletal System
... decreasing in strength as it travels If this depolarizing signal is strong enough when it reaches the initial segment of the axon, it acts as the trigger that initiates an action potential in the axon Signals from the receptive zone determine if the axon will fire an impulse ...
... decreasing in strength as it travels If this depolarizing signal is strong enough when it reaches the initial segment of the axon, it acts as the trigger that initiates an action potential in the axon Signals from the receptive zone determine if the axon will fire an impulse ...
Thyroid hormone exerts site-specific effects on SRC
... whether changes in circulating levels of TH could affect the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be co ...
... whether changes in circulating levels of TH could affect the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be co ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M.
... 46%, n = 1 (Mayes et al. 2002)]. Neurohistological data from two of these patients (L.M. and W.H.) suggest an explanation for this striking consistency. As described above, these two patients had extensive cell loss in the hippocampus as well as in the dentate gyrus. Accordingly, a reduction in hipp ...
... 46%, n = 1 (Mayes et al. 2002)]. Neurohistological data from two of these patients (L.M. and W.H.) suggest an explanation for this striking consistency. As described above, these two patients had extensive cell loss in the hippocampus as well as in the dentate gyrus. Accordingly, a reduction in hipp ...
Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
Протокол
... involving the middle cerebral artery, affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary somatic sensory cortices. Cortical lesions alter all somatic sensory information from the opposite side of the body. Unlike thalamic lesions that produce severe disruption of all sensory modalities, cortical lesions pr ...
... involving the middle cerebral artery, affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary somatic sensory cortices. Cortical lesions alter all somatic sensory information from the opposite side of the body. Unlike thalamic lesions that produce severe disruption of all sensory modalities, cortical lesions pr ...
Events, narratives and memory
... According to Zacks et al.’s (2007) event segmentation theory, segmentation of ongoing activity into discrete events is a spontaneous part of ongoing perception and does not require conscious attention. The grain of segmentation can be adjusted automatically depending on current context and tasks. In ...
... According to Zacks et al.’s (2007) event segmentation theory, segmentation of ongoing activity into discrete events is a spontaneous part of ongoing perception and does not require conscious attention. The grain of segmentation can be adjusted automatically depending on current context and tasks. In ...
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... potential of presynaptic neurons have an effect on the amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitr ...
... potential of presynaptic neurons have an effect on the amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitr ...
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... potential of presynaptic neurons have an effect on the amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitr ...
... potential of presynaptic neurons have an effect on the amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitr ...
Memory source monitoring and eyewitness testimony
... Thus, although there is no reason to assume that the original memory records ...
... Thus, although there is no reason to assume that the original memory records ...
Medical Image Segmentation Using Artificial Neural Networks
... advantages like: 1) parallel calculation on hardware; 2) high calculation speed (almost realtime); and 3) being independent of the image size (Chua et al., 1988b). CNN is used to develop image segmentation methods (Zhang et al., 2007; Luan et al., 2007; Grassi and Vecchio, 2006). Zhang et al. (2007; ...
... advantages like: 1) parallel calculation on hardware; 2) high calculation speed (almost realtime); and 3) being independent of the image size (Chua et al., 1988b). CNN is used to develop image segmentation methods (Zhang et al., 2007; Luan et al., 2007; Grassi and Vecchio, 2006). Zhang et al. (2007; ...
The Nervous System Introduction Organization of Neural Tissue
... Sensory areas and related association areas Primary somatosensory cortex ...
... Sensory areas and related association areas Primary somatosensory cortex ...
chapter ppt. - Old Saybrook Public Schools
... Figure 2.2 The Double Helix of DNA. Segments of DNA are made up of genes that determine physical traits such as height, eye color, and whether pigs have wings (no, because of their genetic makeup, they don’t.) The overlap of DNA from person to person is 99.9%! Yet the difference in .1% accounts for ...
... Figure 2.2 The Double Helix of DNA. Segments of DNA are made up of genes that determine physical traits such as height, eye color, and whether pigs have wings (no, because of their genetic makeup, they don’t.) The overlap of DNA from person to person is 99.9%! Yet the difference in .1% accounts for ...
DOWN - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
... – Biological grounds to explain the problem of retinotopic mapping from the retina to the visual cortex – Two 2D lattices : presynaptic, postsynaptic neurons – Geometric proximity of presynaptic neurons is coded in the form of correlation, and it is used in postsynaptic lattice – Specialized for map ...
... – Biological grounds to explain the problem of retinotopic mapping from the retina to the visual cortex – Two 2D lattices : presynaptic, postsynaptic neurons – Geometric proximity of presynaptic neurons is coded in the form of correlation, and it is used in postsynaptic lattice – Specialized for map ...
Modeling individual differences in working memory
... Similarly, Schneider’s CAP2 (Schneider, 1999) model also assumes that working memory functions are distributed across multiple systems. In CAP2, memory and processing occur in a system of modular processors arranged in a multilayered hierarchy. A single executive module regulates the activity of the ...
... Similarly, Schneider’s CAP2 (Schneider, 1999) model also assumes that working memory functions are distributed across multiple systems. In CAP2, memory and processing occur in a system of modular processors arranged in a multilayered hierarchy. A single executive module regulates the activity of the ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated
... alone, which had no GFP signal in the cortex. Emborg and colleagues recently described how vector titer could affect vector distribution. In their experience, identical volumes with different vector concentration revealed a positive direct correlation between high titers and large distribution patte ...
... alone, which had no GFP signal in the cortex. Emborg and colleagues recently described how vector titer could affect vector distribution. In their experience, identical volumes with different vector concentration revealed a positive direct correlation between high titers and large distribution patte ...
Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence
... activation between cortical areas. The theoretical rationale for this focus is that it is becoming clear that thinking is an emergent property of a large-scale network of collaborating cortical areas. Thus, to characterize neural functioning in autism, it may be necessary to examine the cortical act ...
... activation between cortical areas. The theoretical rationale for this focus is that it is becoming clear that thinking is an emergent property of a large-scale network of collaborating cortical areas. Thus, to characterize neural functioning in autism, it may be necessary to examine the cortical act ...
Learning Through Imitation: a Biological Approach to Robotics
... of motor and mirror neurons were found to be strongly modulated by the final goal of the action. More specifically, neurons that are highly active during a grasping-to-eat action fire only weakly when the sequence is grasping-to-place and vice versa, even if the sequence contains common motor acts ( ...
... of motor and mirror neurons were found to be strongly modulated by the final goal of the action. More specifically, neurons that are highly active during a grasping-to-eat action fire only weakly when the sequence is grasping-to-place and vice versa, even if the sequence contains common motor acts ( ...
Modeling the Neural Substrates of Associative Learning and
... that complex information processes can be generated by networks of simple nodes that pass, in parallel, a form of excitation from node to node. These models have gained increasing usage in recent years as a framework for modeling complex cognitive behaviors including visual recognition (Anderson, 19 ...
... that complex information processes can be generated by networks of simple nodes that pass, in parallel, a form of excitation from node to node. These models have gained increasing usage in recent years as a framework for modeling complex cognitive behaviors including visual recognition (Anderson, 19 ...
False Autobiographies (advanced)
... I’m still pretty certain it occurred when I was in Year 6 at the local school – basically for $10 or something you could go up in a hot-air balloon and go up about 20-odd meters. It would have been a Saturday and I think we went with, yeah, parents and, no it wasn’t, not my grandmother. I’m not cert ...
... I’m still pretty certain it occurred when I was in Year 6 at the local school – basically for $10 or something you could go up in a hot-air balloon and go up about 20-odd meters. It would have been a Saturday and I think we went with, yeah, parents and, no it wasn’t, not my grandmother. I’m not cert ...
Autobiographical Memory
... It is clear that infants form memories from their first days of life (Siqueland & Lipsitt, 1966; Siqueland, 1968), yet infants appear to carry very little explicit knowledge of the things that happen to them into later childhood. Recently, Rubin (2000) provided substantial evidence to show that adul ...
... It is clear that infants form memories from their first days of life (Siqueland & Lipsitt, 1966; Siqueland, 1968), yet infants appear to carry very little explicit knowledge of the things that happen to them into later childhood. Recently, Rubin (2000) provided substantial evidence to show that adul ...