Engines of the brain
... embedded loops: one (b) largely topographic, and incorporating negative feedback (− ) ; the other (c) largely non-topographic, and driven by positive feedback (see text). Thalamocortical “core” circuits. In the core loop, simulated superficial cells that initially respond to a particular input patte ...
... embedded loops: one (b) largely topographic, and incorporating negative feedback (− ) ; the other (c) largely non-topographic, and driven by positive feedback (see text). Thalamocortical “core” circuits. In the core loop, simulated superficial cells that initially respond to a particular input patte ...
a remnant chloroplast, with an References
... representations of how and what others do. These simulated representations can later be interrogated by more deliberate mentalizing systems to reflect on why other people acted [2]. De Lange et al.’s [1] study now sheds further light onto this relationship. They presented their participants with pic ...
... representations of how and what others do. These simulated representations can later be interrogated by more deliberate mentalizing systems to reflect on why other people acted [2]. De Lange et al.’s [1] study now sheds further light onto this relationship. They presented their participants with pic ...
Matlin Cognition 7e, Outline
... Older adults recalled less information than younger adults. similar in errors large individual differences—verbal ability, education Hasher and colleagues—time of day Zacks and Hasher (2006): ‘‘Taken together, these recent findings suggest that we may have seriously underestimated the memory abi ...
... Older adults recalled less information than younger adults. similar in errors large individual differences—verbal ability, education Hasher and colleagues—time of day Zacks and Hasher (2006): ‘‘Taken together, these recent findings suggest that we may have seriously underestimated the memory abi ...
Osama Almughrabi
... “[t]he self is not static” (LeDoux 2002). With that said, how much does the summation depend on genetics? How much on environment? How much on memory? In Synaptic Self, LeDoux traces the argument all the way back to the advent of cell-theory into the theories of neuroscience, the concept that the br ...
... “[t]he self is not static” (LeDoux 2002). With that said, how much does the summation depend on genetics? How much on environment? How much on memory? In Synaptic Self, LeDoux traces the argument all the way back to the advent of cell-theory into the theories of neuroscience, the concept that the br ...
Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
lecture CNS
... • Two kinds of neural tissue found in both brain and spinal cord: • 1. Gray matter • 2. White matter ...
... • Two kinds of neural tissue found in both brain and spinal cord: • 1. Gray matter • 2. White matter ...
Damien Lescal , Jean Rouat, and Stéphane Molotchnikoff
... Visual and auditory prostheses involve surgeries that are complex, expensive and invasive. They are limited to a small number of electrodes and can only be used when the impairment is peripheral. Non invasive prostheses (sensorial substitution systems) have existed for more than 40 years but have no ...
... Visual and auditory prostheses involve surgeries that are complex, expensive and invasive. They are limited to a small number of electrodes and can only be used when the impairment is peripheral. Non invasive prostheses (sensorial substitution systems) have existed for more than 40 years but have no ...
Brains, Bodies, and Behavior
... In 1986 Anne Adams was working as a cell biologist at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. She took a leave of absence from her work to care for a sick child, and while she was away, she completely changed her interests, dropping biology entirely and turning her attention to art. In 1994 sh ...
... In 1986 Anne Adams was working as a cell biologist at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. She took a leave of absence from her work to care for a sick child, and while she was away, she completely changed her interests, dropping biology entirely and turning her attention to art. In 1994 sh ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala
... The hippocampus and the amygdala are structures of mammalian brain both involved in memorizing. However, they are responsible for different types of memory: the hippocampus is involved in creating and storing declarative engrams and the amygdala is engaged in some of non-declarative learning. During ...
... The hippocampus and the amygdala are structures of mammalian brain both involved in memorizing. However, they are responsible for different types of memory: the hippocampus is involved in creating and storing declarative engrams and the amygdala is engaged in some of non-declarative learning. During ...
Sensation and Perception
... part that actually receives the photons of light and turns them into neural signals to the brain Bipolar cells – type of interneuron that receives neural signals from the ...
... part that actually receives the photons of light and turns them into neural signals to the brain Bipolar cells – type of interneuron that receives neural signals from the ...
Neurons - Holterman
... 4. The sodium-potassium pump pushes 3 Na and 2 K against their concentration gradients using 1 ATP. It restores and maintains the resting potential by pushing more Na out of neuron and pushing more K into neuron. (But overall, it pushes more positive charges out of the cell than it brings in.) 5. T ...
... 4. The sodium-potassium pump pushes 3 Na and 2 K against their concentration gradients using 1 ATP. It restores and maintains the resting potential by pushing more Na out of neuron and pushing more K into neuron. (But overall, it pushes more positive charges out of the cell than it brings in.) 5. T ...
Nervous System WS (handed out after section exam)
... f. What part of the neuron is usually wrapped in myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is responsible for saltatory conduction / transmission. This is where the electrical impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next node. This increases the speed of the nerve impulse. The speed increases becau ...
... f. What part of the neuron is usually wrapped in myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is responsible for saltatory conduction / transmission. This is where the electrical impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next node. This increases the speed of the nerve impulse. The speed increases becau ...
Jeremy R. Manning, Michael J. Kahana, and
... contextual threads associated with list A may be reinstated and bound to the list B items. This binding can lead participants to misattribute memories of list B items to list A (Gershman et al., 2013; Hupbach et al., 2007; Sederberg et al., 2011). Just as contextual reinstatement can facilitate acce ...
... contextual threads associated with list A may be reinstated and bound to the list B items. This binding can lead participants to misattribute memories of list B items to list A (Gershman et al., 2013; Hupbach et al., 2007; Sederberg et al., 2011). Just as contextual reinstatement can facilitate acce ...
REFLEX ARC A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a
... A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of ...
... A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of ...
The Anatomy of Language Sydney Lamb Rice University, Houston
... Therefore, the linguistic system operates by means of connections A person’s linguistic system is largely represented in his/her cerebral cortex The cerebral cortex is a neural network A linguistic system is therefore represented as a neural network Therefore, any component of the system do ...
... Therefore, the linguistic system operates by means of connections A person’s linguistic system is largely represented in his/her cerebral cortex The cerebral cortex is a neural network A linguistic system is therefore represented as a neural network Therefore, any component of the system do ...
reflex
... A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of ...
... A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of ...
The biology of time across different scales
... to both the Ex and Inh cells (red traces), the Ex neuron can respond selectively to the 50-ms interval, thus functioning as an interval detector. Further increases in the excitatory synaptic weights can shift the selectivity to 100 (green) or 200 (blue) ms, in the absence of any changes in the tempo ...
... to both the Ex and Inh cells (red traces), the Ex neuron can respond selectively to the 50-ms interval, thus functioning as an interval detector. Further increases in the excitatory synaptic weights can shift the selectivity to 100 (green) or 200 (blue) ms, in the absence of any changes in the tempo ...
Further Cognitive Science
... one or multiple areas of the brain may seem preposterous, this conjecture is certainly much more efficient than each cell carrying within itself the instructions for consciousness*.” ...
... one or multiple areas of the brain may seem preposterous, this conjecture is certainly much more efficient than each cell carrying within itself the instructions for consciousness*.” ...
Deconstructing episodic memory with construction
... In the classic taxonomy of episodic memory [1,2], what, where and when, have been traditionally regarded as equally important properties of an episodic memory [2,4]. Indeed, a memory of an event is only defined as truly episodic if one remembers when and where it happened in addition to what happene ...
... In the classic taxonomy of episodic memory [1,2], what, where and when, have been traditionally regarded as equally important properties of an episodic memory [2,4]. Indeed, a memory of an event is only defined as truly episodic if one remembers when and where it happened in addition to what happene ...
You can play 20 questions with nature and win
... process, all in one swoop. Rather, most tasks are treated as if they are combinations of simpler sub-tasks, each of which is grappled with by a separate aspect of the overall processing system. In the case of visual perception, the brain has clearly divided processing of object properties, such as s ...
... process, all in one swoop. Rather, most tasks are treated as if they are combinations of simpler sub-tasks, each of which is grappled with by a separate aspect of the overall processing system. In the case of visual perception, the brain has clearly divided processing of object properties, such as s ...
Short Term Memory
... requiring external reinforcement. Extrinsic Motivation The desire or push to perform a certain behavior based on the potential external rewards that may be received as a result. Semantic Memory The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts. Short Term Mem ...
... requiring external reinforcement. Extrinsic Motivation The desire or push to perform a certain behavior based on the potential external rewards that may be received as a result. Semantic Memory The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts. Short Term Mem ...