The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... comparative studies of the brains of present-day mammals and other vertebrates in conjunction with information about brain sizes and shapes from the fossil record, studies of brain development, and principles derived from studies of scaling and optimal design. Early mammals were small, with small br ...
... comparative studies of the brains of present-day mammals and other vertebrates in conjunction with information about brain sizes and shapes from the fossil record, studies of brain development, and principles derived from studies of scaling and optimal design. Early mammals were small, with small br ...
Nervous communication
... In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a rapid response ...
... In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a rapid response ...
Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality
... perceptual form of mane that can be used later to verify mane for pony, whereas verifying mane for lion activates a different form that cannot be used. Control conditions rule out the explanation that similarity between concepts is responsible. Perceptual simulation in language comprehension When a ...
... perceptual form of mane that can be used later to verify mane for pony, whereas verifying mane for lion activates a different form that cannot be used. Control conditions rule out the explanation that similarity between concepts is responsible. Perceptual simulation in language comprehension When a ...
brain computer interaction elg5121 (multimedia communication)
... puter-interface-eavesdrops-on-a-daydream/ Scientists from Germany, Israel, Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States have performed combined experiments: ...
... puter-interface-eavesdrops-on-a-daydream/ Scientists from Germany, Israel, Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States have performed combined experiments: ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... retrieve an event or a visual image from memory. However the brain mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Recently, we showed that during visual mental imagery, auditory areas show a much more robust deactivation than during visual perception. Here we ask whether this is a speci ...
... retrieve an event or a visual image from memory. However the brain mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Recently, we showed that during visual mental imagery, auditory areas show a much more robust deactivation than during visual perception. Here we ask whether this is a speci ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
Working memory, fluid intelligence, and science learning
... on different subsystems, the realization of the control function occurs through interactions among different cognitive systems rather than by following orders from the “central office.” In sum, researchers endorse the storage and control function of WM, but differ as to how the control function is r ...
... on different subsystems, the realization of the control function occurs through interactions among different cognitive systems rather than by following orders from the “central office.” In sum, researchers endorse the storage and control function of WM, but differ as to how the control function is r ...
to receive a reprint - Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences
... resource availability. Higher capacity readers showed greater neural adaptability (greater increase in activation with increasing syntactic complexity) across conditions than did lower capacity readers. Higher capacity readers also showed better maintenance of or increase in synchronization of activ ...
... resource availability. Higher capacity readers showed greater neural adaptability (greater increase in activation with increasing syntactic complexity) across conditions than did lower capacity readers. Higher capacity readers also showed better maintenance of or increase in synchronization of activ ...
File
... also called the bouton terminaux or synaptic knob. The synaptic knobs have synaptic vesicles that contain the NT (neurotransmitters). The NT are produced in the body & conducted along the axon (anterograde flow). The NT can be inhibitory or excitatory. • Synaptic cleft or gap: is app. 20nm. It is a ...
... also called the bouton terminaux or synaptic knob. The synaptic knobs have synaptic vesicles that contain the NT (neurotransmitters). The NT are produced in the body & conducted along the axon (anterograde flow). The NT can be inhibitory or excitatory. • Synaptic cleft or gap: is app. 20nm. It is a ...
week4am
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
Supplemental Text Box 1 The Neurobiology of Arousal The defense
... muscles are affected first (to raise the body and stabilize it), followed by limb muscles— although at this stage no actual movement has occurred. In brief, all muscles, both smooth and striated, are toned up. The mind is awake, and the body is prepared. The brain region most important for the expre ...
... muscles are affected first (to raise the body and stabilize it), followed by limb muscles— although at this stage no actual movement has occurred. In brief, all muscles, both smooth and striated, are toned up. The mind is awake, and the body is prepared. The brain region most important for the expre ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... Cooperative Learning Some portions of the brain do not become myelinated until a child becomes 5-6 years of age. Meet M t with ith your study t d group members b and d discuss how a child’s behavior may likely differ due to the presence or absence of myelin. You have 60 seconds. Revision 2006 ...
... Cooperative Learning Some portions of the brain do not become myelinated until a child becomes 5-6 years of age. Meet M t with ith your study t d group members b and d discuss how a child’s behavior may likely differ due to the presence or absence of myelin. You have 60 seconds. Revision 2006 ...
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc
... of the grey matter, their axon goes out the ventral root, and synapses in a skeletal muscle. Symptoms of a lower motor neuron disorder is when the patient has weakness or paralysis, including their reflexes. • UPPER MOTOR NEURONS have their cell body in the brain, and they synapse on a lower motor n ...
... of the grey matter, their axon goes out the ventral root, and synapses in a skeletal muscle. Symptoms of a lower motor neuron disorder is when the patient has weakness or paralysis, including their reflexes. • UPPER MOTOR NEURONS have their cell body in the brain, and they synapse on a lower motor n ...
Neurons and Glial Cells
... Like other cells, each neuron has a cell body (or soma) that contains a nucleus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. ...
... Like other cells, each neuron has a cell body (or soma) that contains a nucleus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. ...
BLoA Neurotransmission
... So now the neurotransitting chemicals are in the synapse. They float across the tiny space in a random way, and in the process, bump into receptors on the other side. The receptors here are important. This is because there tend to be many different types of receptor for one type of neurotransmitter. ...
... So now the neurotransitting chemicals are in the synapse. They float across the tiny space in a random way, and in the process, bump into receptors on the other side. The receptors here are important. This is because there tend to be many different types of receptor for one type of neurotransmitter. ...
What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... modulated, and our experiments can reveal those tuning functions. However, because we want to be able to use fMRI to discover new kinds of tuning functions and selectivity, we cannot limit ourselves to experiments in which we already know what we are looking for. Broadly speaking, analyses that rely ...
... modulated, and our experiments can reveal those tuning functions. However, because we want to be able to use fMRI to discover new kinds of tuning functions and selectivity, we cannot limit ourselves to experiments in which we already know what we are looking for. Broadly speaking, analyses that rely ...
the neurobiology of emotion
... world now inspires you, and try to imagine as it exists, purely by itself, without your favorable or unfavorable, hopeful or apprehensive comment. It will be almost impossible for you to realize such a condition of negativity and deadness. No one portion of the universe would then have importance be ...
... world now inspires you, and try to imagine as it exists, purely by itself, without your favorable or unfavorable, hopeful or apprehensive comment. It will be almost impossible for you to realize such a condition of negativity and deadness. No one portion of the universe would then have importance be ...
learning, Memory, and Cognition: Animal Perspectives
... age. Exposure to benzaldehyde at days 2-5 of adult life, but not at 8-1 I, causes behavioral adaptation as well as structural changes in DM2 and V glomeruli. These examples show that (i) animals often exhibit innate preferences for signals allowing to rapidly and efficiently detect biologically rele ...
... age. Exposure to benzaldehyde at days 2-5 of adult life, but not at 8-1 I, causes behavioral adaptation as well as structural changes in DM2 and V glomeruli. These examples show that (i) animals often exhibit innate preferences for signals allowing to rapidly and efficiently detect biologically rele ...
CNS (Ch12)
... Generated by synaptic activity in the cortex Each person’s brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as Hertz (Hz) ...
... Generated by synaptic activity in the cortex Each person’s brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as Hertz (Hz) ...
Powerpoint
... sodium and potassium ions, production of resting and action potentials, all-ornothing nature of the action potential, concept of threshold (1.5 hrs) Central nervous system - the organization of the nervous system into the central and the peripheral nervous system, structure and functions of human br ...
... sodium and potassium ions, production of resting and action potentials, all-ornothing nature of the action potential, concept of threshold (1.5 hrs) Central nervous system - the organization of the nervous system into the central and the peripheral nervous system, structure and functions of human br ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
Brain and Behavior
... cortex that are not primarily sensory or motor in function Aphasia: Speech disturbance resulting from brain damage ...
... cortex that are not primarily sensory or motor in function Aphasia: Speech disturbance resulting from brain damage ...
The Central Visual System
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
CHAPtER 6 Process of memory
... fixed features of memory that do not vary from one situation to another. The three different stores are the basic structural features. Other structural features include the amount of information each store can hold at any given moment (i.e. storage capacity) and the length of time information can be ...
... fixed features of memory that do not vary from one situation to another. The three different stores are the basic structural features. Other structural features include the amount of information each store can hold at any given moment (i.e. storage capacity) and the length of time information can be ...