chapter 48
... Astrocytes: are found within the CNS and provide structural and metabolic support as well as forming of tight junctions to help form the blood-brain barrier. They also communicate with one another via ...
... Astrocytes: are found within the CNS and provide structural and metabolic support as well as forming of tight junctions to help form the blood-brain barrier. They also communicate with one another via ...
Central Nervous System
... body, axon, and synaptic terminals); - the functional activities of each part - the normal direction of action potential conduction Fig 13.3 ...
... body, axon, and synaptic terminals); - the functional activities of each part - the normal direction of action potential conduction Fig 13.3 ...
Student Guide Chapter 11
... 1. Neurons function optimally for a lifetime, are mostly amitotic and have an exceptionally high metabolic rate requiring oxygen and glucose. 2. The neuron cell body, also called the perikaryon or soma, is the major biosynthetic center containing the usual organelles except for centrioles. 3. Neuron ...
... 1. Neurons function optimally for a lifetime, are mostly amitotic and have an exceptionally high metabolic rate requiring oxygen and glucose. 2. The neuron cell body, also called the perikaryon or soma, is the major biosynthetic center containing the usual organelles except for centrioles. 3. Neuron ...
chapter 48
... 2) ___________________________ triggered by an action potential which signals the opening of ____ gates, and sodium flows INTO the cell, making the inside more POSITIVE. A THRESHOLD is then reached and the ___________________________________ can be triggered. 3) Rising phase of the action potentia ...
... 2) ___________________________ triggered by an action potential which signals the opening of ____ gates, and sodium flows INTO the cell, making the inside more POSITIVE. A THRESHOLD is then reached and the ___________________________________ can be triggered. 3) Rising phase of the action potentia ...
Nervous 1 Green
... -At rest, the neuron is polarized with a negative charge (2) -Active transport will cause the electronic imbalance to become larger and gated channels will open (2) -The neuron then becomes depolarized (more positive) (2) -Pumps and potassium channels (which open) rebalance polarization (2) ...
... -At rest, the neuron is polarized with a negative charge (2) -Active transport will cause the electronic imbalance to become larger and gated channels will open (2) -The neuron then becomes depolarized (more positive) (2) -Pumps and potassium channels (which open) rebalance polarization (2) ...
L20- Brain neurotran..
... Alzheimer's diseases, it acts as an excitotoxin producing exceesive influx of calcium into the neurons causing neuronal death . ...
... Alzheimer's diseases, it acts as an excitotoxin producing exceesive influx of calcium into the neurons causing neuronal death . ...
Nervous System - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage
... Axon: carries impulses away from the cell body. Nerve fibers: axons & dendrites Nerve: bundle of nerve fibers ...
... Axon: carries impulses away from the cell body. Nerve fibers: axons & dendrites Nerve: bundle of nerve fibers ...
see p. A4b - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... NEUROTRANSMITTER – endogenous chemical agent that relays information from one neuron to another through synapse; released by presynaptic cell (upon excitation), crosses synapse to stimulate or inhibit* postsynaptic cell by binding to receptor. *final result (hyperpolarization or depolarization) is d ...
... NEUROTRANSMITTER – endogenous chemical agent that relays information from one neuron to another through synapse; released by presynaptic cell (upon excitation), crosses synapse to stimulate or inhibit* postsynaptic cell by binding to receptor. *final result (hyperpolarization or depolarization) is d ...
Myotatic Reflex
... 2) locations of source synapses on the target neuron. • for an individual synapse, effectiveness is related to synaptic location on the target neuron most effective {axon hillock >> soma >> proximal dendrite >> distal dendrite} least effective • a given amount of synaptic input will have more effect ...
... 2) locations of source synapses on the target neuron. • for an individual synapse, effectiveness is related to synaptic location on the target neuron most effective {axon hillock >> soma >> proximal dendrite >> distal dendrite} least effective • a given amount of synaptic input will have more effect ...
Early Neural Patterning •Neural induction
... -Retinoic acid is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A (potent at changing neural identity) -Gradient of RA is set up across rhombomeres -RA receptors are ligand-specific transcription factors which majorly targets the Hox family -Hox family = class of transcription factors that regulate de ...
... -Retinoic acid is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A (potent at changing neural identity) -Gradient of RA is set up across rhombomeres -RA receptors are ligand-specific transcription factors which majorly targets the Hox family -Hox family = class of transcription factors that regulate de ...
Nervous - Lamont High
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
Poison apparatus
... increased doses of snake venom into the horse until the horse becomes fully immunised. Then blood serum of the horse is collected and preserved. In India Antivenin is produced at the Haffkin's Institute at Bombay and Central Research Institute in Himachal ...
... increased doses of snake venom into the horse until the horse becomes fully immunised. Then blood serum of the horse is collected and preserved. In India Antivenin is produced at the Haffkin's Institute at Bombay and Central Research Institute in Himachal ...
The Physics of the Brain
... K-1=5.9*(10^(-3)); [1/ms] K-2=86; [1/msec] K-3=0.2; [ 1/msec] K-d=0.9 ...
... K-1=5.9*(10^(-3)); [1/ms] K-2=86; [1/msec] K-3=0.2; [ 1/msec] K-d=0.9 ...
signal molecule
... binds to the a-adrenergic receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells. One approach to treating high blood pressures is to administer competitive inhibitors that bind to the a-adrenergic receptor. The Kd for binding of epinephrine to this receptor is ~0.6 mM. Which of the following compounds might be g ...
... binds to the a-adrenergic receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells. One approach to treating high blood pressures is to administer competitive inhibitors that bind to the a-adrenergic receptor. The Kd for binding of epinephrine to this receptor is ~0.6 mM. Which of the following compounds might be g ...
Physiology Lecture Outline: Membrane Potential and Neurophysiology
... If it is assumed that Na+ ions are freely permeable, with no restrictions to its movement, then Na+ ions will move back and forth across the membrane until the Electrochemical Gradient has Equilibrated. The value of the voltage across the membrane for the Equilibrium Potential of Na+ = +60 mV (ENa+ ...
... If it is assumed that Na+ ions are freely permeable, with no restrictions to its movement, then Na+ ions will move back and forth across the membrane until the Electrochemical Gradient has Equilibrated. The value of the voltage across the membrane for the Equilibrium Potential of Na+ = +60 mV (ENa+ ...
Neurons
... • Most CNS neurons are not “follower cells” – instead, they integrate their synaptic inputs, or add them up over time and space. This is because PSPs summate within the postsynaptic cell’s input segment. The summation is algebraic, because some synaptic inputs are inhibitory. ...
... • Most CNS neurons are not “follower cells” – instead, they integrate their synaptic inputs, or add them up over time and space. This is because PSPs summate within the postsynaptic cell’s input segment. The summation is algebraic, because some synaptic inputs are inhibitory. ...
Lecture Slides - Austin Community College
... axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP – However, a graded depolarization will bring the membrane potential closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excitatory postsynaptic potential or EPSP. – Graded hyperpolarizations bring the membrane potential farther away from threshold and ...
... axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP – However, a graded depolarization will bring the membrane potential closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excitatory postsynaptic potential or EPSP. – Graded hyperpolarizations bring the membrane potential farther away from threshold and ...
Review questions for unit 2 File
... Draw a diagram that shows the visual pathways from receptor to interpretation/perception Draw a concept map that shows the functions of the inner ear Make a flow diagram showing how an individual muscle cell contracts. Make a diagram or concept map that shows the activities of the three stages of th ...
... Draw a diagram that shows the visual pathways from receptor to interpretation/perception Draw a concept map that shows the functions of the inner ear Make a flow diagram showing how an individual muscle cell contracts. Make a diagram or concept map that shows the activities of the three stages of th ...
nervous system
... c.) Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them 3. Neuron Parts and Function a.) Cell Body: contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; location of cellular metabolic activity b.) Dendrites: carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the ...
... c.) Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them 3. Neuron Parts and Function a.) Cell Body: contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; location of cellular metabolic activity b.) Dendrites: carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.