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sums, differences and products of vectors
sums, differences and products of vectors

... 1a. Scalars, Vectors, and Others. Most physical quantities can be classified mathematically as either scalars or vectors. Values of scalar quantities are single numbers, sizes, and this includes such quantities as temperature, work, distance, speed, musical pitch, and electric charge. Values of vect ...
Ch 14 Solutions Glencoe 2013
Ch 14 Solutions Glencoe 2013

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Chapter 7: Linear Momentum and Collisions
Chapter 7: Linear Momentum and Collisions

... Insight: When you compare two car crashes (for example, into a concrete barrier and into bales of hay) with the same initial speed, the impulses are the same (because the change in momentum is the same) but the forces are different. The greatest force corresponds to the smallest time interval, which ...
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... Beginning in the mid-1890s, Planck took up a seemingly narrowproblem, the interaction of an oscillating charge with its elec-tromagnetic field. These studies, however, brought him into con-tact with a long tradition of work on the emission of light. Decadesearlier it had been recognized that perfect ...
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Relativistic quantum information theory and quantum reference frames
Relativistic quantum information theory and quantum reference frames

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Construction and Operation of an Axion Helioscope

... trapped in the SN core has been estimated by Turner (1988). The uncertainty in this range is rather severe, perhaps as much as an order of magnitude on either end of the window. This means that the actually excluded regime may be much smaller than stated in Eq. (9). Also, however, the regime where a ...
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... corrections in this paper. Figure 4 gives sample calculation results for ns Rydberg levels with n = 100, 125, 150. We see that as n increases the effective trapping potential gets smaller and smaller. This is because the large electron wave function averages over the intensity distribution of the tr ...
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Monday, Nov. 20, 2006

... assignments through the analysis of parity conserving interactions involving these particles. • L hyperon is always produced with a K in pair. So one can only determine parity of K if parity of L is fixed. Monday, Nov. 20, 2006 ...
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... functional form to the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor-a fundamental ingredient in the dynamical equations. The study of this functional form is the main goal of Chapter 3 on constitutive theory. We shall set up the basic equations (or inequalities) as integral balance conditions. Therefore, th ...
On the Lamb Vector and the Hydrodynamic Charge
On the Lamb Vector and the Hydrodynamic Charge

... of the azimuthal velocity field (Figs. 2 a-b). The fitted parameters according to the Burgers model are   86 rad/s , and a  9.2 mm . For all plots, the scaling is linear and the pictures are averaged over all acquired images. Without averaging, the plots are very similar. We used averaging in ord ...
Mechanics Activities - The University of Sydney
Mechanics Activities - The University of Sydney

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Photon polarization

Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. Individual photon eigenstates have either right or left circular polarization. A photon that is in a superposition of eigenstates can have linear, circular, or elliptical polarization.The description of photon polarization contains many of the physical concepts and much of the mathematical machinery of more involved quantum descriptions, such as the quantum mechanics of an electron in a potential well, and forms a fundamental basis for an understanding of more complicated quantum phenomena. Much of the mathematical machinery of quantum mechanics, such as state vectors, probability amplitudes, unitary operators, and Hermitian operators, emerge naturally from the classical Maxwell's equations in the description. The quantum polarization state vector for the photon, for instance, is identical with the Jones vector, usually used to describe the polarization of a classical wave. Unitary operators emerge from the classical requirement of the conservation of energy of a classical wave propagating through media that alter the polarization state of the wave. Hermitian operators then follow for infinitesimal transformations of a classical polarization state.Many of the implications of the mathematical machinery are easily verified experimentally. In fact, many of the experiments can be performed with two pairs (or one broken pair) of polaroid sunglasses.The connection with quantum mechanics is made through the identification of a minimum packet size, called a photon, for energy in the electromagnetic field. The identification is based on the theories of Planck and the interpretation of those theories by Einstein. The correspondence principle then allows the identification of momentum and angular momentum (called spin), as well as energy, with the photon.
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